Works by Sung-Rae Cho

Results: 87

Comprehensive multidisciplinary care for adult Duchenne muscular dystrophy in South Korea.

Published in:

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases, 2025, v. 12, n. 3, p. 342, doi. 10.1177/22143602241304996

By:

Choi, Won Ah;
Park, Hee Jae;
Kang, Seong-Woong;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Cho, Han Eol

Publication type:

Article

Gait training for adults with cerebral palsy following harmonic modification in rhythmic auditory stimulation.

Published in:

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2020, v. 1473, n. 1, p. 11, doi. 10.1111/nyas.14306

By:

Kim, Soo Ji;
Yoo, Ga Eul;
Shin, Yoon‐Kyum;
Cho, Sung‐Rae

Publication type:

Article

Changes in gait patterns induced by rhythmic auditory stimulation for adolescents with acquired brain injury.

Published in:

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2016, v. 1385, n. 1, p. 53, doi. 10.1111/nyas.13294

By:

Kim, Soo Ji;
Shin, Yoon‐Kyum;
Yoo, Ga Eul;
Chong, Hyun Ju;
Cho, Sung‐Rae

Publication type:

Article

Mobile Apps to Improve Brace-Wearing Compliance in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Quality Analysis, Functionality Review and Future Directions.

Published in:

Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023, v. 12, n. 5, p. 1972, doi. 10.3390/jcm12051972

By:

Cho, Han Eol;
Jang, Chan Woong;
Cho, Sung Rae;
Choi, Won Ah;
Park, Jung Hyun

Publication type:

Article

Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with enavogliflozin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results of a 12‐week, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial.

Published in:

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2023, v. 25, n. 8, p. 2096, doi. 10.1111/dom.15080

By:

Yang, Ye Seul;
Min, Kyung Wan;
Park, Seok‐O;
Kim, Kyung‐Soo;
Yu, Jae Myung;
Hong, Eun‐Gyoung;
Cho, Sung Rae;
Won, Kyu Chang;
Kim, Yong Hyun;
Oh, Seungjoon;
Choi, Sung Hee;
Koh, Gwanpyo;
Huh, Wan;
Kim, Su Young;
Park, Kyong Soo

Publication type:

Article

Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: Pros and Cons.

Published in:

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2023, v. 47, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.5535/arm.23003

By:

Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

Outcomes of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy Compared With Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient With Dystonic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report.

Published in:

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2019, v. 43, n. 3, p. 335, doi. 10.5535/arm.2019.43.3.335

By:

Minji Chae;
Seungbeen Hong;
Na Young Jung;
Won Seok Chang;
Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

Relationship Between Swallowing Function and Maximum Phonation Time in Patients With Parkinsonism.

Published in:

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2018, v. 42, n. 3, p. 425, doi. 10.5535/arm.2018.42.3.425

By:

Eu Jeong Ko;
Minji Chae;
Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

The Modulation of Neurotrophin and Epigenetic Regulators: Implication for Astrocyte Proliferation and Neuronal Cell Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury.

Published in:

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2016, v. 40, n. 4, p. 559, doi. 10.5535/arm.2016.40.4.559

By:

Jong Heon Kim;
Sung-Hoon Kim;
Sung-Rae Cho;
Ji Yong Lee;
Ji Hyun Kim;
Ahreum Baek;
Hong Sun Jung

Publication type:

Article

Time-dependent effect of combination therapy with erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Published in:

Neuroscience Bulletin, 2014, v. 30, n. 1, p. 107, doi. 10.1007/s12264-013-1397-9

By:

Yu, Ji;
Seo, Jung;
Lee, Jong;
Heo, Ji;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Antimicrobial Resistance of Fecal-Indicator Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Animal Farms along the Korean Coast.

Published in:

Aquaculture Research, 2023, p. 1, doi. 10.1155/2023/5014754

By:

Shin, Soon Bum;
Cho, Sung Rae;
Mok, Jong Soo

Publication type:

Article

Efficacy and safety of temperature-sensitive acellular dermal matrix in prevention of postoperative adhesion after thyroidectomy: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority study.

Published in:

PLoS ONE, 2022, v. 17, n. 9, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0273215

By:

Kim, Jin Kyong;
Lee, Cho Rok;
Kang, Sang-Wook;
Jeong, Jong Ju;
Nam, Kee-Hyun;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Jo, Seongmoon;
Kim, Eun Young;
Yun, Ji-Sup;
Park, Hee Jin;
Kim, Mi Sung;
Kim, Kwangsoon;
Lee, Sohee;
Bae, Ja Seong;
Jun, So Yeon;
Park, Jihye;
Kim, Jeong Soo

Publication type:

Article

Anti-inflammatory Effect of DNA Polymeric Molecules in a Cell Model of Osteoarthritis.

Published in:

Inflammation, 2018, v. 41, n. 2, p. 677, doi. 10.1007/s10753-017-0722-2

By:

Baek, Ahreum;
Kim, MinGi;
Kim, Sung Hoon;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Kim, Hyun Jung

Publication type:

Article

Effects of Balance Training Using a Virtual Reality Program in Hemiplegic Patients.

Published in:

International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2022, v. 19, n. 5, p. 2805, doi. 10.3390/ijerph19052805

By:

Kwon, Jung-Ah;
Shin, Yoon-Kyum;
Kim, Deok-Ju;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates IL-1β-induced impairment of chondrogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2024, v. 14, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-024-77264-2

By:

Baek, Ahreum;
Baek, Dawoon;
Kim, Sung Hoon;
Kim, Jinyoung;
Notario, Geneva Rose;
Lee, Do‑Won;
Kim, Hyun Jung;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

In Vivo Reprogramming Using Yamanaka Factors in the CNS: A Scoping Review.

Published in:

Cells (2073-4409), 2024, v. 13, n. 4, p. 343, doi. 10.3390/cells13040343

By:

Cho, Han Eol;
Lee, Siwoo;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Kang, Seong-Woong;
Choi, Won Ah;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Coronary Artery Calcium Score as a Sensitive Indicator of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Long-Term Cohort Study.

Published in:

Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2023, v. 38, n. 5, p. 568, doi. 10.3803/EnM.2023.1770

By:

Dae-Jeong Koo;
Mi Yeon Lee;
Sun Joon Moon;
Hyemi Kwon;
Sang Min Lee;
Se Eun Park;
Cheol-Young Park;
Won-Young Lee;
Ki Won Oh;
Sung Rae Cho;
Young-Hoon Jeong;
Eun-Jung Rhee

Publication type:

Article

Recurrent Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome Caused by α-Lipoic Acid in Type 2 Diabetes.

Published in:

2013

By:

Sang Mook Bae;
Myoung Nam Bae;
Eun Young Kim;
Il Kyu Kim;
Min Woo Seo;
Jin Kyeong Shin;
Sung Rae Cho;
Gui Hwa Jeong

Publication type:

Case Study

Efficacy and Safety of Metformin and Atorvastatin Combination Therapy vs. Monotherapy with Either Drug in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia Patients (ATOMIC): Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Published in:

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 2024, v. 48, n. 4, p. 730, doi. 10.4093/dmj.2023.0077

By:

Jie-Eun Lee;
Seung Hee Yu;
Sung Rae Kim;
Kyu Jeung Ahn;
Kee-Ho Song;
In-Kyu Lee;
Ho-Sang Shon;
In Joo Kim;
Soo Lim;
Doo-Man Kim;
Choon Hee Chung;
Won-Young Lee;
Soon Hee Lee;
Dong Joon Kim;
Sung-Rae Cho;
Chang Hee Jung;
Hyun Jeong Jeon;
Seung-Hwan Lee;
Keun-Young Park;
Sang Youl Rhee

Publication type:

Article

Generation of a more efficient prime editor 2 by addition of the Rad51 DNA-binding domain.

Published in:

Nature Communications, 2021, v. 12, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41467-021-25928-2

By:

Song, Myungjae;
Lim, Jung Min;
Min, Seonwoo;
Oh, Jeong-Seok;
Kim, Dong Young;
Woo, Jae-Sung;
Nishimasu, Hiroshi;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Yoon, Sungroh;
Kim, Hyongbum Henry

Publication type:

Article

Assessment of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin-sulfonylurea combination: Results of a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Korea.

Published in:

Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2015, v. 6, n. 3, p. 317, doi. 10.1111/jdi.12284

By:

Kim, Sin Gon;
Hahm, Jong Ryeal;
Kim, Duk Kyu;
Cho, Sung Rae;
Choi, Dong Seop

Publication type:

Article

Environmental enrichment enhances synaptic plasticity by internalization of striatal dopamine transporters.

Published in:

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2016, v. 36, n. 12, p. 2122, doi. 10.1177/0271678X15613525

By:

Myung-Sun Kim;
Ji Hea Yu;
Chul Hoon Kim;
Jae Yong Choi;
Jung Hwa Seo;
Min-Young Lee;
Chi Hoon Yi;
Tae Hyun Choi;
Young Hoon Ryu;
Jong Eun Lee;
Bae Hwan Lee;
Hyongbum Kim;
Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

Induction of neostriatal neurogenesis slows disease progression in a transgenic murine model of Huntington disease.

Published in:

Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2007, v. 117, n. 10, p. 2889, doi. 10.1172/JCI31778

By:

Sung-Rae Cho;
Benraiss, Abdellatif;
Chmielnicki, Eva;
Samdani, Amer;
Economides, Aris;
Goldman, Steven A.

Publication type:

Article

CRISPR-mediated gene correction links the ATP7A M1311V mutations with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis in one individual.

Published in:

Communications Biology, 2020, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s42003-020-0755-1

By:

Yun, Yeomin;
Hong, Sung-Ah;
Kim, Ka-Kyung;
Baek, Daye;
Lee, Dongsu;
Londhe, Ashwini M.;
Lee, Minhyung;
Yu, Jihyeon;
McEachin, Zachary T.;
Bassell, Gary J.;
Bowser, Robert;
Hales, Chadwick M.;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Kim, Janghwan;
Pae, Ae Nim;
Cheong, Eunji;
Kim, Sangwoo;
Boulis, Nicholas M.;
Bae, Sangsu;
Ha, Yoon

Publication type:

Article

Therapeutic effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide in an in vitro neuronal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2023, v. 13, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-023-32744-9

By:

Jo, Seongmoon;
Baek, Ahreum;
Cho, Yoonhee;
Kim, Sung Hoon;
Baek, Dawoon;
Hwang, Jihye;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Kim, Hyun Jung

Publication type:

Article

The Differential effects of repetitive Magnetic stimulation in an In Vitro neuronal Model of ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Published in:

Frontiers in Neurology, 2018, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fneur.2018.00050

By:

Baek, Ahreum;
Kim, Ji Hyun;
Pyo, Soonil;
Jung, Joon-Ho;
Park, Eun Jee;
Kim, Sung Hoon;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

The Applicability of Rhythm-Motor Tasks to a New Dual Task Paradigm for Older Adults.

Published in:

Frontiers in Neurology, 2017, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fneur.2017.00671

By:

Soo Ji Kim;
Sung-Rae Cho;
Ga Eul Yoo

Publication type:

Article

Reelin Alleviates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Reduces Pathological α-Synuclein Expression in an In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Published in:

Genes, 2021, v. 12, n. 7, p. 1066, doi. 10.3390/genes12071066

By:

Cho, Eunju;
Park, Joonsang;
Kim, Kyungri;
Kim, Min-Gi;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

In Vivo Expression of Reprogramming Factor OCT4 Ameliorates Myelination Deficits and Induces Striatal Neuroprotection in Huntington's Disease.

Published in:

Genes, 2021, v. 12, n. 5, p. 712, doi. 10.3390/genes12050712

By:

Yu, Ji-Hea;
Nam, Bae-Geun;
Kim, Min-Gi;
Pyo, Soonil;
Seo, Jung-Hwa;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Geschwind, Daniel H.

Publication type:

Article

Reduced Interaction of Aggregated α-Synuclein and VAMP2 by Environmental Enrichment Alleviates Hyperactivity and Anxiety in a Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Published in:

Genes, 2021, v. 12, n. 3, p. 392, doi. 10.3390/genes12030392

By:

Kim, Kyungri;
Wi, Soohyun;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Pyo, Soonil;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Ebert, Allison D.

Publication type:

Article

Elucidation of Relevant Neuroinflammation Mechanisms Using Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Published in:

PLoS ONE, 2016, v. 11, n. 11, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0165290

By:

Won, Yu Hui;
Lee, Min-Young;
Choi, Young-Chul;
Ha, Yoon;
Kim, Hyongbum;
Kim, Do-Young;
Kim, Myung-Sun;
Yu, Ji Hea;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Kim, MinGi;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Kang, Seong-Woong

Publication type:

Article

Differential Expression of Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules in Fetal-Origin Amniotic Epithelial Cells of Preeclamptic Pregnancy.

Published in:

PLoS ONE, 2016, v. 11, n. 5, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0156038

By:

Kim, Myung-Sun;
Yu, Ji Hea;
Lee, Min-Young;
Kim, Ah Leum;
Jo, Mi Hyun;
Kim, MinGi;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Kim, Young-Han

Publication type:

Article

Environmental Enrichment Enhances Ca v 2.1 Channel-Mediated Presynaptic Plasticity in Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Published in:

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, v. 22, n. 7, p. 3414, doi. 10.3390/ijms22073414

By:

Song, Suk-Young;
Pyo, Soonil;
Choi, Sungchul;
Oh, Hee Sang;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Yu, Ji Hea;
Baek, Ahreum;
Shin, Yoon-Kyum;
Lee, Hoo Young;
Choi, Ja Young;
Cho, Sung-Rae;
Porzionato, Andrea

Publication type:

Article

Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury.

Published in:

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, v. 20, n. 23, p. 5982, doi. 10.3390/ijms20235982

By:

Baek, Ahreum;
Shin, Ji Cheol;
Lee, Min-Young;
Kim, Sung Hoon;
Kim, Jiyong;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Astroglial Activation by an Enriched Environment after Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Angiogenesis after Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Published in:

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2016, v. 17, n. 9, p. 1550, doi. 10.3390/ijms17091550

By:

Sung-Rae Cho;
Hwal Suh;
Ji Hea Yu;
Hyongbum (Henry) Kim;
Jung Hwa Seo;
Cheong Hoon Seo

Publication type:

Article

Exploring Erythropoietin and G-CSF Combination Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients.

Published in:

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2016, v. 17, n. 4, p. 463, doi. 10.3390/ijms17040463

By:

Yoon-Kyum Shin;
Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

Reconstruction of Muscle Fascicle‐Like Tissues by Anisotropic 3D Patterning.

Published in:

Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, v. 31, n. 25, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/adfm.202006227

By:

Jin, Yoonhee;
Jeon, Eun Je;
Jeong, Sohyeon;
Min, Sungjin;
Choi, Yi Sun;
Kim, So Hyun;
Lee, Jung Seung;
Shin, Jisoo;
Yu, Ji Hea;
Ahn, Da‐Hee;
Kim, Yun‐Gon;
Yang, Hee Seok;
Kang, Taek Jin;
Cho, Sung‐Rae;
Choi, Nakwon;
Cho, Seung‐Woo

Publication type:

Article

Alteration of Synaptic Activity–Regulating Genes Underlying Functional Improvement by Long-term Exposure to an Enriched Environment in the Adult Brain.

Published in:

2013

By:

Lee, Min-Young;
Yu, Ji Hea;
Kim, Ji Yeon;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Park, Eun Sook;
Kim, Chul Hoon;
Kim, Hyongbum;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Journal Article

Alteration of Synaptic Activity–Regulating Genes Underlying Functional Improvement by Long-term Exposure to an Enriched Environment in the Adult Brain.

Published in:

Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair, 2013, v. 27, n. 6, p. 561, doi. 10.1177/1545968313481277

By:

Lee, Min-Young;
Yu, Ji Hea;
Kim, Ji Yeon;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Park, Eun Sook;
Kim, Chul Hoon;
Kim, Hyongbum;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Inactivation of Human Norovirus GII.4 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) by Floating Electrode-Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma.

Published in:

Foods, 2023, v. 12, n. 5, p. 1030, doi. 10.3390/foods12051030

By:

Song, Min Gyu;
Kim, So Hee;
Jeon, Eun Bi;
Ha, Kwang Soo;
Cho, Sung Rae;
Jung, Yeoun Joong;
Choi, Eun Ha;
Lim, Jun Sup;
Choi, Jinsung;
Park, Shin Young

Publication type:

Article

3′-Sialyllactose Protects SW1353 Chondrocytic Cells From Interleukin-1β-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, v. 11, p. N.PAG, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2021.609817

By:

Baek, Ahreum;
Jung, So Hee;
Pyo, Soonil;
Kim, Soo Yeon;
Jo, Seongmoon;
Kim, Lila;
Lee, Eun Young;
Kim, Sung Hoon;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Therapeutic singing-induced swallowing exercise for dysphagia in advanced-stage Parkinson's disease.

Published in:

Frontiers in Neurology, 2024, p. 01, doi. 10.3389/fneur.2024.1323703

By:

Myung Sun Yeo;
Jihye Hwang;
Hye Kyoung Lee;
Soo Ji Kim;
Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

Case report: Intrathecal baclofen therapy improved gait pattern in a stroke patient with spastic dystonia.

Published in:

Frontiers in Neurology, 2024, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330811

By:

Kyung Min Kim;
Tae Kwon Lee;
Su Min Lee;
Won Seok Chang;
Su Ji Lee;
Jihye Hwang;
Sung-Rae Cho

Publication type:

Article

GABAergic neuronal differentiation induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human mesenchymal stem cells.

Published in:

Animal Cells & Systems, 2014, v. 18, n. 1, p. 17, doi. 10.1080/19768354.2013.877076

By:

Yu, Ji Hea;
Kim, Myung-Sun;
Lee, Min-Young;
Lee, Ji Yong;
Seo, Jung Hwa;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Adhesion Reduction Agent Guardix-SG ® Versus MegaShield ® for Postoperative Swallowing Function Analysis in Thyroidectomy Patients.

Published in:

Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology, 2024, p. 1, doi. 10.1177/11795549241271715

By:

Lee, Hye Kyoung;
Hwang, Jihye;
Jo, Seongmoon;
Kim, Jin Kyong;
Lee, Cho Rok;
Kang, Sang-Wook;
Nam, Kee-Hyun;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Comparison between prefabricated ankle–foot orthoses, Dyna Ankle and UD Flex, in patients with hemiplegia.

Published in:

Journal of International Medical Research, 2024, v. 52, n. 3, p. 1, doi. 10.1177/03000605241233514

By:

Lee, Su Ji;
Kim, Tae Yong;
Kim, Kyung Min;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

MECP2 duplication syndrome initially misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy: a case report.

Published in:

Journal of International Medical Research, 2023, v. 51, n. 3, p. 1, doi. 10.1177/03000605231162452

By:

Kim, Tae-Yong;
Lee, Su-Ji;
Kim, Kyung-Min;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

Swallowing Outcomes Following Voice Therapy in Multiple System Atrophy with Dysphagia: Comparison of Treatment Efficacy with Parkinson's Disease.

Published in:

Dysphagia (0179051X), 2022, v. 37, n. 1, p. 198, doi. 10.1007/s00455-021-10265-9

By:

Park, Alyssa;
Jang, Su-Jeong;
Kim, No-Eul;
Kim, Tae-Hui;
Sohn, Young Ho;
Kim, HyangHee;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article

The Schwann Cell as an Active Synaptic Partner.

Published in:

ChemPhysChem, 2018, v. 19, n. 10, p. 1123, doi. 10.1002/cphc.201701299

By:

Hyung, Sujin;
Jung, Kyuhwan;
Cho, Sung‐Rae;
Jeon, Noo Li

Publication type:

Article

Efficacy of in-person and telepractice-based extended Lee Silverman Voice Treatment LOUD ® on dysarthria and dysphagia in adults with cerebral palsy.

Published in:

Digital Health, 2025, p. 1, doi. 10.1177/20552076251315296

By:

Kim, Kyung Min;
Park, Sang Ah;
Hwang, Seong Hye;
Park, Alyssia;
Kim, Hyang Hee;
Hwang, Jihye;
Cho, Sung-Rae

Publication type:

Article