Works matching IS 20453701 AND DT 2025 AND VI 15 AND IP 1

Results: 60

The HNRNPC/CELF2 signaling pathway drives glycolytic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01386-x

By:

Ma, Xiang;
Li, Haodong;
Zhao, Ziqi;
Li, Changchun;
Wang, Man;
Zhang, Lele;
Zhao, Yutong;
Su, Haipeng;
Wang, Feng;
Hua, Jiai

Publication type:

Article

Characterization and prognostic of CD8 + TIM3 + CD101 + T cells in glioblastoma multiforme.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01390-1

By:

Wang, Hong-Liang;
Li, Sai;
Ma, Chun-Chun;
Zheng, Xiang-Hu;
Wu, Hao-Yuan;
Chang, Chen-Xi;
Yang, Zhi-Hao;
Wang, Jia-Wei;
Pan, Fa-Ming;
Zhao, Bing

Publication type:

Article

Disrupting lipid homeostasis with CAV2 in OSCC triggers apoptosis, lipolysis, and mitochondrial dysfunction by transcriptional repression of PPARγ.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01399-6

By:

Bai, Yuting;
Jiang, Mingjing;
Chen, Xiaojie;
Zhou, Gang

Publication type:

Article

FTO downregulation-mediated m6A modification resulting in enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma invasion.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01395-w

By:

Zhou, Cheng;
Zhang, Yong;
Shi, Shi-Ming;
Yin, Dan;
Li, Xue-Dong;
Shi, Ying-Hong;
Zhou, Jian;
Wang, Zheng;
Chen, Qing

Publication type:

Article

The RBM39 degrader indisulam inhibits acute megakaryoblastic leukemia by altering the alternative splicing of ZMYND8.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01380-3

By:

Yang, Ying;
Li, Zhiheng;
Yang, Yang;
Xiao, Peifang;
He, Zhixu;
Zhang, Zimu;
Li, Yizhen;
Shi, Lei;
Wang, Xiaodong;
Tao, Yanfang;
Fan, Junjie;
Zhang, Fenli;
Yang, Chunxia;
Yao, Fahua;
Ji, Tongting;
Zhang, Yongping;
Zhou, Bi;
Yu, Juanjuan;
Guo, Ailian;
Wei, Zhongling

Publication type:

Article

Distribution of gut microbiota across intestinal segments and their impact on human physiological and pathological processes.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01385-y

By:

Yang, Ke;
Li, Guangqin;
Li, Qihong;
Wang, Wei;
Zhao, Xu;
Shao, Nan;
Qiu, Hui;
Liu, Jing;
Xu, Lin;
Zhao, Juanjuan

Publication type:

Article

Dysregulated ac4C modification of mRNA in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer's disease.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01389-8

By:

Ji, Hao-Nan;
Zhou, Hai-Qian;
Qie, Jing-Bo;
Lu, Wen-Mei;
Gao, Hai-Tao;
Wu, Dan-Hong

Publication type:

Article

Comprehensive landscape and oncogenic role of extrachromosomal circular DNA in malignant biliary strictures.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01361-6

By:

Cheng, Zhuo;
Luo, Xuanmei;
Liu, Wenzheng;
Lu, Xiaofang;
Chang, Hong;
Wang, Yingchun;
Zheng, Wei;
Yan, Xiue;
Huang, Yonghui

Publication type:

Article

Molecular mechanisms of endothelial–mesenchymal transition and its pathophysiological feature in cerebrovascular disease.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01393-y

By:

Jiang, Huimin;
Zhou, Yifan;
Zhang, Weiyue;
Li, Hui;
Ma, Wei;
Ji, Xunming;
Zhou, Chen

Publication type:

Article

The regulatory functions of G protein-coupled receptors signaling pathways in B cell differentiation and development contributing to autoimmune diseases.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01398-7

By:

Shao, Yongqi;
Mei, Yang;
Tan, Yixin;
Yang, Ming;
Wu, Haijing

Publication type:

Article

The chromatin reader Dido3 is a regulator of the gene network that controls B cell differentiation.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01394-x

By:

del Burgo, Fernando Gutiérrez;
García-López, María Ángeles;
Pons, Tirso;
de Luis, Enrique Vázquez;
Martínez-A, Carlos;
Villares, Ricardo

Publication type:

Article

Zmynd11 is essential for neurogenesis by coordinating H3K36me3 modification of Epha2 and PI3K signaling pathway.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01392-z

By:

Yang, Xu;
Li, Lan;
Qu, Wenzheng;
Cheng, Xuejun;
Zhang, Jinyu;
Sun, Yan;
Liu, Suxiao;
Peng, Guoping;
Zheng, Rui;
Li, Xuekun

Publication type:

Article

A BioID-based approach uncovers the interactome of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in breast cancer cells and identifies anterior gradient protein 2 as an interacting partner.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01388-9

By:

Sakalauskaite, Gabriele;
Weingartner, Michael;
Ebert, Sophie;
Boot, Gina;
Bock, Thomas;
Birk, Julia;
Tsachaki, Maria;
Gallon, John W.;
Piscuoglio, Salvatore;
Odermatt, Alex

Publication type:

Article

SAP30 deacetylates the Tas protein to inhibit PFV replication.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01400-2

By:

Wang, Chenchen;
Zhang, Junshi;
Xu, Yali;
Zhao, Jiawei;
Qiu, Manman;
Zhao, Xingli;
Li, Guoqiang;
Qiao, Wentao;
Tan, Juan

Publication type:

Article

CRISPR/Cas-mediated mRNA knockdown in the embryos of Xenopus tropicalis.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01397-8

By:

Lin, Xiao-Lin;
Zhou, Yi-Min;
Meng, Ke;
Yang, Jia-Yi;
Zhang, Han;
Lin, Jin-Hua;
Wu, Hai-Yan;
Wang, Xiao-Yu;
Zhao, Hui;
Feng, Shan-Shan;
Park, Kyu-Sang;
Cai, Dong-Qing;
Zheng, Li;
Qi, Xu-Feng

Publication type:

Article

Huddling behavior regulate adaptive thermogenesis in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01391-0

By:

Liu, Min;
Zou, De-Sheng;
Zhang, Xue-Ying;
Wang, De-Hua

Publication type:

Article

Peptides targeting RAB11A–FIP2 complex inhibit HPIV3, RSV, and IAV replication as broad-spectrum antivirals.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01384-z

By:

Jiang, Yanliang;
Zhao, Yongliang;
Deng, Jie;
Wu, Xiaoyan;
Li, Jian;
Guo, Dong;
Xu, Ke;
Qin, Yali;
Chen, Mingzhou

Publication type:

Article

A review of the 661W cell line as a tool to facilitate treatment development for retinal diseases.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01381-2

By:

Brunet, Alicia A.;
James, Rebekah E.;
Swanson, Petria;
Carvalho, Livia S.

Publication type:

Article

Nicotinamide mononucleotide promotes female germline stem cell proliferation by activating the H4K16ac-Hmgb1-Fyn-PLD signaling pathway through epigenetic remodeling.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01387-w

By:

Zhou, Hong;
Liu, Yujie;
Tian, Geng G.;
Wu, Ji

Publication type:

Article

Clusterin deficiency exacerbates cholestatic liver disease through ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01376-z

By:

Seo, Hye-Young;
Park, Ji Yeon;
Lee, So-Hee;
Lee, Hye Won;
Han, Eugene;
Hwang, Jae Seok;
Kim, Mi Kyung;
Jang, Byoung Kuk

Publication type:

Article

Special correlation between diet and MASLD: positive or negative?

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01382-1

By:

Liu, Jia;
Li, Changmeng;
Yang, Yun;
Li, Jingtao;
Sun, Xiaoguang;
Zhang, Yinqiang;
Liu, Runping;
Chen, Fafeng;
Li, Xiaojiaoyang

Publication type:

Article

The influence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on retinal development in the human retinal organoids.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01383-0

By:

Gong, Jing;
Ge, Lingling;
Zeng, Yuxiao;
Yang, Cao;
Luo, Yushan;
Kang, Jiahui;
Zou, Ting;
Xu, Haiwei

Publication type:

Article

Canonical and non-canonical functions of the non-coding RNA component (TERC) of telomerase complex.

Published in:

2025

By:

Cao, Chongwen;
Gong, Weiyi;
Shuai, Yuanlong;
Rasouli, Sara;
Ge, Qianyun;
Khan, Anam;
Dakic, Aleksandra;
Putluri, Nagireddy;
Shvets, Gennady;
Zheng, Yun-Ling;
Daneshdoust, Danyal;
Mahyoob, Rani;
Li, Jenny;
Liu, Xuefeng

Publication type:

Literature Review

Shared and distinct peripheral blood immune cell landscape in MCTD, SLE, and pSS.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01374-1

By:

Cui, Yanling;
Zhang, Huina;
Deng, Yaxuan;
Fan, Orion;
Wang, Junbang;
Xing, Zhonggang;
Tang, Jianping;
Zhu, Wenmin;
Gong, Bangdong;
Sun, Yi Eve

Publication type:

Article

Altered synaptic homeostasis: a key factor in the pathophysiology of depression.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01369-y

By:

Wang, Bokai;
He, Teng;
Qiu, Guofan;
Li, Chong;
Xue, Song;
Zheng, Yuanjia;
Wang, Taiyi;
Xia, Yucen;
Yao, Lin;
Yan, Jinglan;
Chen, Yongjun

Publication type:

Article

Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of cell-free DNA unveils age-dependent and ALS-associated methylation alterations.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01366-1

By:

Jin, Yulin;
Conneely, Karen N;
Ma, Wenjing;
Naviaux, Robert K.;
Siddique, Teepu;
Allen, Emily G.;
Guingrich, Sandra;
Pascuzzi, Robert M.;
Jin, Peng

Publication type:

Article

Loss of OBSCN expression promotes bladder cancer progression but enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01379-w

By:

Wang, Tao;
Guo, Tuanjie;
Sun, Juanjuan;
Zang, Xinyue;
Dong, Lei;
Zhang, Jian;
Chen, Siteng;
Chen, Guihua;
Ma, Sicong;
Zhai, Xinyu;
Chu, Chuanmin;
Wang, Chaofu;
Wang, Xiang;
Xu, Dongliang;
Tan, Mingyue

Publication type:

Article

Structural basis of human ABCC4 recognition of cAMP and ligand recognition flexibility.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01377-y

By:

Wen, Xuepeng;
Si, Kaixue;
Zhu, Dantong;
Zhang, Anqi;
Guo, Changyou;
Li, Minghui;
Tian, Weiming

Publication type:

Article

Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer's mouse models.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01378-x

By:

Hu, Wenjie;
Chen, Mengting;
Lin, Yuxue;
Zhang, Hui;
Sun, Li;
Shao, Wei;
Ye, Yuping;
Cheng, Yujie;
Zhou, Shanshan;
Hu, Panpan;
Wu, Xingqi;
Xu, Yin;
Wang, Kai

Publication type:

Article

Correction: l-Arginine, as an essential amino acid, is a potential substitute for treating COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Published in:

2025

By:

Ma, Chunhua;
Liao, Kexi;
Wang, Jing;
Li, Tao;
Liu, Liangming

Publication type:

Correction Notice

Comparison of structures and inhibition activities of serine protease inhibitors of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01375-0

By:

Li, Ruixue;
Zhang, Bing;
Chen, Chen

Publication type:

Article

Transcriptomics, lipidomics, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing integration: exploring sphingolipids in MASH-HCC progression.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01362-5

By:

Zeng, Jing;
Way, Grayson;
Wu, Nan;
Jiang, Xixian;
Tai, Yun-ling;
Zhao, Derrick;
Su, Lianyong;
Yan, Qianhua;
Wang, Xuan;
Gurley, Emily C.;
Hylemon, Phillip B.;
Aseem, Sayed Obaidullah;
Sanyal, Arun J.;
Fan, Jiangao;
Zhou, Huiping

Publication type:

Article

Enpp1 ameliorates MAFLD by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism through the AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01364-3

By:

Liu, Xiaohui;
Chen, Shuai;
Liu, Xing;
Wu, Xianxian;
Jiang, Xiaoliang;
Li, Yuhan;
Yang, Zhiwei

Publication type:

Article

The RNA binding protein CARHSP1 facilitates tumor growth, metastasis and immune escape by enhancing IL-17RA mRNA stabilization in prostate cancer.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01371-4

By:

Jiang, YiFan;
Wang, Yanan;
Xue, KaiHua;
Ma, JianBin;
Xu, Shan;
Wang, Ke;
Guo, Peng

Publication type:

Article

Gram-positive probiotics improves acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting leucine and Hippo-YAP pathway.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01370-5

By:

Gao, Wenkang;
Wang, Gang;
Yuan, Hang;
Chen, Yue;
Che, Jiake;
Cheng, Zilu;
Chen, Liuying;
Zhang, Li;
Zhu, Yuanqing;
Liu, Xin;
Liu, Ao;
Yang, Quancheng;
Cao, Peng;
Qian, Wei;
Huang, Weiyan;
Schnabl, Bernd;
Yang, Ling;
Chu, Huikuan

Publication type:

Article

Multiple functions of the ALT favorite helicase, BLM.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01372-3

By:

Chang, Shun;
Tan, Jiang;
Bao, Ren;
Zhang, Yanduo;
Tong, Jinkai;
Jia, Tongxin;
Liu, Jing;
Dan, Juhua;
Jia, Shuting

Publication type:

Article

Enhanced exosome secretion regulated by microglial P2X7R in the medullary dorsal horn contributes to pulpitis-induced pain.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01363-4

By:

Zhang, Jing;
Yu, Zhuo;
Wang, Mingjun;
Kang, Xiaoning;
Wu, Xiaoke;
Yang, Fengjiao;
Yang, Lu;
Sun, Shukai;
Wu, Li-an

Publication type:

Article

TOPBP1 as a potential predictive biomarker for enhanced combinatorial efficacy of olaparib and AZD6738 in PDAC.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01350-9

By:

Tang, Xiao-Mei;
Shi, Min-Min;
Wang, Jia-Cheng;
Gu, Yi-Jin;
Dai, Yu-Ting;
Yang, Qin-Xin;
Liu, Jia;
Ren, Ling-Jie;
Liu, Xin-Yun;
Yang, Chun;
Ma, Fang-Fang;
Liu, Ji-Bing;
Yu, Hong;
Fu, Da;
Wang, Yun-Feng

Publication type:

Article

The m6A revolution: transforming tumor immunity and enhancing immunotherapy outcomes.

Published in:

2025

By:

Shi, Tongguo;
Zhang, Huan;
Chen, Yueqiu

Publication type:

Literature Review

CircRNA Itm2b induces oxidative stress via the interaction with Sirt1-Nox4 to aggravate sleep disturbances after traumatic brain injury.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01353-6

By:

Fu, Jiayuanyuan;
Du, Mengran;
Wu, Biying;
Wu, Chenrui;
Li, Xin;
Tan, Weilin;
Huang, Xuekang;
Zhu, Ziyu;
Zhang, Jie;
Liao, Zheng Bu

Publication type:

Article

Genome-wide association study of the fatty liver index in the Taiwanese population reveals shared and population-specific genetic risk factors across ethnicities.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01346-5

By:

Lau, Pei Pei;
Wei, Chun-Yu;
Lin, Min-Rou;
Chou, Wan-Hsuan;
Wan, Yu-Jui Yvonne;
Chang, Wei-Chiao

Publication type:

Article

A translational perspective of the malignant hematopoietic proteoglycome.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01360-7

By:

Borghini, Naomi;
Lazzaretti, Mirca;
Lunghi, Paolo;
Malpeli, Giorgio;
Barbi, Stefano;
Perris, Roberto

Publication type:

Article

The lncRNA MIR181A1HG in extracellular vesicles derived from highly metastatic colorectal cancer cells promotes liver metastasis by remodeling the extracellular matrix and recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01365-2

By:

Gu, Yichao;
Mi, Yushuai;
Cao, Yifan;
Yu, Kuan;
Zhang, Zihao;
Lian, Peng;
Li, Dawei;
Qin, Jing;
Zhao, Senlin

Publication type:

Article

KAT8 catalyzes the acetylation of SEPP1 at lysine 247/249 and modulates the activity of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells via LRP8 to promote anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01356-3

By:

Zhu, Zhongfei;
Nie, Gang;
Peng, Xiaobo;
Zhan, Xianbao;
Ding, Dan

Publication type:

Article

Epsin3 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via modulating EGFR stability.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01358-1

By:

Su, Huiling;
Shen, Jie;
Gao, Chenzi;
Zhao, Yue;
Deng, Wanyu;
Qin, Bo;
Zhang, Xin;
Lai, Juan;
Wang, Qian;
Dou, Jie;
Guo, Min

Publication type:

Article

Multi-pathway targeted therapy of MASH-HCC using miR-22.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01352-7

By:

Hu, Ying;
Setayesh, Tahereh;
Wei, Dongguang;
Testerman, Trenton;
Ji, Yutong;
Wan, Yu-Jui Yvonne

Publication type:

Article

Amelioration of premature aging in Werner syndrome stem cells by targeting SHIP/AKT pathway.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01355-4

By:

Tam, Hei-Yin;
Liu, Jiaxing;
Yiu, Tsz-Ching;
Leung, Adrian On-Wah;
Li, Chang;
Gu, Shen;
Rennert, Owen;
Huang, Boxian;
Cheung, Hoi-Hung

Publication type:

Article

Comparison of characteristics and immune responses between paired human nasal and bronchial epithelial organoids.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-024-01342-1

By:

Zhu, Lu;
Yang, Wenhao;
Luo, Jiaxin;
Lu, Danli;
Hu, Yanan;
Zhang, Rui;
Li, Yan;
Qiu, Li;
Chen, Zelian;
Chen, Lina;
Liu, Hanmin

Publication type:

Article

Plectin, a novel regulator in migration, invasion and adhesion of ovarian cancer.

Published in:

Cell & Bioscience, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13578-025-01349-2

By:

Bai, Lanning;
Qian, Xueqian;
Zhang, Hui;
Yuan, Yi;
Cui, Xiaodong;
Cheng, Min;
Han, Yangyang

Publication type:

Article

Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches.

Published in:

2025

By:

Chen, Ziqi;
Liu, Yumeng;
Lyu, Minchuan;
Chan, Chi Ho;
Sun, Meiheng;
Yang, Xin;
Qiao, Shuangying;
Chen, Zheng;
Yu, Sifan;
Ren, Meishen;
Lu, Aiping;
Zhang, Ge;
Li, Fangfei;
Yu, Yuanyuan

Publication type:

Literature Review