Works by Rafay, Muhammad

Results: 62

A meta-analysis of outcomes after open and laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children.

Published in:

2011

By:

Siddiqui, Muhammad;
Abdulaal, Y.;
Nisar, A.;
Ali, H.;
Hasan, F.;
Siddiqui, Muhammad Rafay Sameem

Publication type:

journal article

Correction to: Response to "Effects of semaglutide on cardiovascular risk factors and eating behaviors in type 2 diabetes".

Published in:

2023

By:

Cheema, Muhammad Rafay Shahzad;
Kumar, Satesh

Publication type:

Correction Notice

Response to "Effects of semaglutide on cardiovascular risk factors and eating behaviors in type 2 diabetes".

Published in:

Acta Diabetologica, 2023, v. 60, n. 5, p. 715, doi. 10.1007/s00592-023-02061-8

By:

Cheema, Muhammad Rafay Shahzad;
Kumar, Satesh

Publication type:

Article

The Potential Role of Precision Agriculture in Building Sustainable Livelihoods and Farm Resilience Amid Climate Change: A Stakeholders' Perspective from Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Published in:

Land (2012), 2025, v. 14, n. 4, p. 770, doi. 10.3390/land14040770

By:

Raza, Aamir;
Ashraf, Ejaz;
Sadaf, Saima;
Khan, Nasir Abbas;
Shah, Ashfaq Ahmad;
Alotaib, Bader Alhafi;
Muzamil, Muhammad Rafay

Publication type:

Article

Effect of Exogenous Application of Nicotinic Acid on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Hordeum vulgare L. under Water Stress.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2022, v. 11, n. 18, p. N.PAG, doi. 10.3390/plants11182443

By:

Farooq, Taimoor Hassan;
Bukhari, Muhammad Adnan;
Irfan, Muhammad Shahid;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Shakoor, Awais;
Rashid, Muhammad Haroon U.;
Lin, Yang;
Saqib, Muhammad;
Malik, Zaffar;
Khurshid, Nouman

Publication type:

Article

Performance evaluation and design of 5G communication-based millimeter wave antenna.

Published in:

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications & Networking, 2021, v. 2021, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13638-021-02052-9

By:

Shakir, Mustafa;
Aslam, Sohaib;
Sarwar, M. Usman;
Adnan, Muhammad;
Khan, Muhammad Rafay

Publication type:

Article

Delayed Presentation in Chiari Malformation.

Published in:

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021, v. 16, n. 4, p. 701, doi. 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_120_21

By:

Rafay, Muhammad;
Gulzar, Farhan;
Jafri, Hassan Masood;
Sharif, Salman

Publication type:

Article

Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma arising in dermoid cyst.

Published in:

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019, v. 14, n. 3, p. 904, doi. 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_200_18

By:

Shaikh, Muhammad;
Sharif, Salman;
Rafay, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Exogenous melatonin mitigates chromium toxicity in maize seedlings by modulating antioxidant system and suppresses chromium uptake and oxidative stress.

Published in:

Environmental Geochemistry & Health, 2022, v. 44, n. 5, p. 1451, doi. 10.1007/s10653-021-00908-z

By:

Malik, Zaffar;
Afzal, Sobia;
Dawood, Muhammad;
Abbasi, Ghulam Hassan;
Khan, Muhammad Imran;
Kamran, Muhammad;
Zhran, Mostafa;
Hayat, Malik Tahir;
Aslam, Muhammad Naveed;
Rafay, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Impact of different mating sex ratios on reproductive efficiency of silver pheasant Lophura nycthemera (Galliformes, Phasianidae).

Published in:

Russian Journal of Ecology, 2015, v. 46, n. 3, p. 289, doi. 10.1134/S1067413615030042

By:

Kaleem, Mujahid;
Ruby, Tahira;
Khan, Aleem;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Abdullah, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Anti-urolithiatic Activity of Fruit-seed Extracts of Melia azedarach.

Published in:

Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, v. 16, n. 1, p. 137, doi. 10.35516/jjps.v16i1.1074

By:

Latif, Abida;
Azhar, Faiza;
Rafay, Muhammad Zohaib;
Iqbal, Ahsan;
Anwar, Iman

Publication type:

Article

EXTENDED DRUG RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN WITH TYPHOID FEVER.

Published in:

Professional Medical Journal, 2020, v. 27, n. 3, p. 581, doi. 10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.03.3695

By:

Anwar, Tayyaba;
Rais, Heena;
Jamil, Madiha Fatima;
Safdar, Saba;
Amir, Muhammad Rafay;
Altaf, Ahmed;
Khan, Hira

Publication type:

Article

ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY; COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY PEOPLE OF CHOLISTAN DESERT.

Published in:

Professional Medical Journal, 2015, v. 22, n. 10, p. 1367, doi. 10.17957/TPMJ/15.2880

By:

Rehman, Fariha;
Hussain, Tanveer;
Abdullah, Muhammad;
Ashraf, Ijaz;
Ch., Khalid Mahmood;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Bibi, Ismat

Publication type:

Article

Management of acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Published in:

Expert Review of Hematology, 2022, v. 15, n. 6, p. 547, doi. 10.1080/17474086.2022.2085089

By:

Niazi, Muhammad Rafay Khan;
Chukkalore, Divya;
Jahangir, Abdullah;
Sahra, Syeda;
Macdougall, Kira;
Rehan, Maryam;
Odaimi, Marcel

Publication type:

Article

Breeding and Feeding Behaviour of Jungle Babbler (Turdiodes striata Dumont, 1923) in Agro-Ecological Zones of District Layyah, Pakistan.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2020, v. 52, n. 5, p. 1701, doi. 10.17582/journal.pjz/20170420070416

By:

Rafay, Muhammad;
Ahmad, Ghafoor;
Ruby, Tahira;
Abdullah, Muhammad;
Rasheed, Fahad;
Abid, Muhammad;
Akhtar, Sohail;
Ahmad, Zulfiqar;
Hussain, Riaz

Publication type:

Article

Detection of Insecticide Residues in Honey of Apis dorsata F. from Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2017, v. 49, n. 5, p. 1761, doi. 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.5.1761.1766

By:

Farooqi, Muhammad Aslam;
Mansoor-ul-Hasan;
Akhtar, Sohail;
Arshad, Muhammad;
Aslam, Muhammad Naveed;
Rafay, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Comparison of Diet Analysis of Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus and Black Kite, Milvus migrans (Accipitridae: Accipitriformes) from Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2016, v. 48, n. 3, p. 789

By:

Hussain, Tanveer;
Ashraf, Irfan;
Ahmed, Ishtiaq;
Ruby, Tahira;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Abdullah, Muhammad;
Siddiqa, Nazish;
Nawaz, Sanjeela;
Akhtar, Sohail

Publication type:

Article

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Associated Cardiovascular Outcomes in a Hospital Setting—A Fresh Perspective †.

Published in:

Current Oncology, 2024, v. 31, n. 8, p. 4432, doi. 10.3390/curroncol31080331

By:

Mustafa, Ahmad;
Wei, Chapman;
Araji, Ghada;
Niazi, Muhammad Rafay Khan;
Grovu, Radu;
Weinberg, Mitchell;
Lafferty, James

Publication type:

Article

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Assessing the Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Published in:

Current Oncology, 2023, v. 30, n. 10, p. 9262, doi. 10.3390/curroncol30100669

By:

Alameddine, Zakaria;
Niazi, Muhammad Rafay Khan;
Rajavel, Anisha;
Behgal, Jai;
Keesari, Praneeth Reddy;
Araji, Ghada;
Mustafa, Ahmad;
Wei, Chapman;
Jahangir, Abdullah;
Terjanian, Terenig O

Publication type:

Article

Insight to phytochemical investigation and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract using in vitro, in vivo and in silico approach.

Published in:

Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, 2025, v. 43, n. 1, p. 325, doi. 10.1080/07391102.2023.2280814

By:

Hussain, Hafiza Arbab;
Islam, Muhammad;
Saeed, Hamid;
Ahmad, Abrar;
Hussain, Anam;
Rafay, Muhammad Zohaib

Publication type:

Article

Phytochemical profiling and anti-inflammatory potential of Ficus natalensis subsp. leprieurii (Miq.) C.C. Berg -- an in vitro, in vivo and in silico study.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2023, v. 36, p. 311, doi. 10.36721/PJPS.2023.36.1.SP.311-324.1

By:

Munawar, Itique;
Islam, Muhammad;
Ahmed, Abrar;
Saeed, Hamid;
Imtiaz, Fariha;
Rafay, Muhammad Zohaib

Publication type:

Article

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits extracts of five medicinal plants.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017, v. 30, n. 5, p. 1625

By:

Fatima, Iram;
Hussain, Tanveer;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Akram, Muhammad;
Bano, Sabahat;
Shabbir, Sammia

Publication type:

Article

Comment on: Impact of telehealth visits on hydroxyurea response in sickle cell anemia.

Published in:

Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2023, v. 70, n. 5, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/pbc.30207

By:

Cheema, Muhammad Rafay Shahzad

Publication type:

Article

From Harmless to Harmful: A Case Series of Hepatic Abscess Induced by Gut Microbiota Due to Fish Bone.

Published in:

2024

By:

Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Ahmed, Muhammad;
Uddin, Mallick Muhammad Zohaib;
Akram, Saba;
Nadeem, Naila;
Memon, Wasim;
Fazal, Kamran;
Khan, Faheemullah;
Zafar, Uffan

Publication type:

Case Study

Influence of Organizational Culture & Intellectual Capital on Business Performance in Textile Industry of Pakistan.

Published in:

Journal of Information & Organizational Sciences, 2021, v. 45, n. 1, p. 243, doi. 10.31341/jios.45.1.11

By:

Fahim, Syed Muhammad;
Inayat, Syeda Misbah;
Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Rafay;
Ahmed, Daniyal;
Hassan, Ramish;
Ali, Syed Zulfiqar

Publication type:

Article

Letter: "Assessment of Association Between Venous Occlusion and Infection of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices".

Published in:

2023

By:

Cheema, Muhammad Rafay Shahzad

Publication type:

Letter to the Editor

Evaluating the Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies using WHO Hospital Safety Index Tool.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2025, v. 41, n. 3, p. 676, doi. 10.12669/pjms.41.3.10875

By:

Sughra, Ume;
Riaz, Asmaa;
Suleman, Marriam;
Imran, Muhammad Rafay

Publication type:

Article

Saccharomyces cerevisiae for abdominal pain and discomfort in irritable bowel syndrome patients.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2024, v. 40, n. 3, Part 2, p. 492, doi. 10.12669/pjms.40.3.8349

By:

Siyal, Mehreen;
Abbas, Zaigham;
Amir, Muhammad Rafay;
Qadeer, Muhammad Ali

Publication type:

Article

Untargeted Elemental and Metabolomic Profiling of Some Poaceae Species Using LIBS and GC-MS Methods.

Published in:

Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis, 2021, v. 52, n. 9, p. 1037, doi. 10.1080/00103624.2021.1872602

By:

Fatima, Iram;
Hussain, Tanveer;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Kanwal, Sobia;
Rauf, Naseem;
Malik, Tahir S. S.;
Mahmood, Tariq

Publication type:

Article

Structural and Optical Properties of Multilayer Heterostructure of CdTe/CdSe Thin Films.

Published in:

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 2019, v. 233, n. 9, p. 1215, doi. 10.1515/zpch-2018-1339

By:

Majid, Farzana;
Malik, Abdul;
Ata, Sadia;
Hussain, Zaheer;
Bibi, Ismat;
Iqbal, Munawar;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Rizvi, Hina

Publication type:

Article

Antioxidant rich medicinal plants as a potential candidate to treat gastric ulcer.

Published in:

Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 2023, v. 22, n. 5, p. 560, doi. 10.37360/blacpma.23.22.5.41

By:

Altaf, Sidra;
Abbas, Rao Zahid;
Akhtar, Tayyaba;
Siddique, Faisal;
Mahmood, Muhammad Shahid;
Khan, Muhammad Kasib;
Ziaf, Khurram;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Khan, Muhammad Azam;
Abbas, Asghar;
ur Rehman, Tauseef;
Marcelino, Liliana Aguilar;
Zia, Muhammad;
Khater, Hanem Fathy;
Saeed, Nahla Muhammad;
Abbasi, Karim Yar

Publication type:

Article

Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against Leishmaniasis: a public health concern.

Published in:

Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 2021, v. 20, n. 2, p. 123, doi. 10.37360/blacpma.21.20.2.10

By:

Hussain, Kashif;
Abbas, Rao Zahid;
Abbas, Asghar;
Raza, Muhammad Asif;
Mahmood, Muhammad Shahid;
Imran, Muhammad;
Khan, Muhammad Kasib;
Rafay, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Efficacy of magnesium sulfate in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Published in:

Advances in Respiratory Medicine (VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica)), 2022, v. 90, n. 2, p. 125, doi. 10.5603/ARM.a2022.0012

By:

Jahangir, Abdullah;
Zia, Zeeshan;
Niazi, Muhammad Rafay Khan;
Sahra, Syeda;
Jahangir, Ahmad;
Sharif, Muhammad Ans;
Chalhoub, Michel N.

Publication type:

Article

Neonatal danger signs and healthcare seeking behaviours: A cross-sectional study in Karachi amongst pregnant females.

Published in:

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2020, v. 70, n. 1, p. 74, doi. 10.5455/JPMA.3145

By:

Nusrat, Khushboo;
Khan, Muhammad Rafay;
Waseem, Zaiya;
Siddiqui, Omer Mustafa;
Mahmood, Samar;
Hassan, Syeda Zuhaa;
Imtiaz, Fauzia

Publication type:

Article

Knowledge and attitudes about Tetanus and Rabies: Apopulation-based survey from Karachi, Pakistan.

Published in:

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2012, v. 62, n. 4, p. 378

By:

Wasay, Mohammad;
Malik, Abdul;
Fahim, Ammad;
Yousuf, Adnan;
Chawla, Rajesh;
Daniel, Haroon;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Azam, Iqbal;
Razzak, Junaid

Publication type:

Article

Exposure to Sub-Acute Concentrations of Glyphosate Induce Clinico-Hematological, Serum Biochemical and Genotoxic Damage in Adult Cockerels.

Published in:

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2019, v. 39, n. 2, p. 181, doi. 10.29261/pakvetj/2019.064

By:

Hussain, Riaz;
Ali, Farah;
Rafique, Azhar;
Ghaffar, Abdul;
Jabeen, Ghazala;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Liaqat, Saima;
Khan, Iahtasham;
Malik, Rozina;
Khan, Muhammad Kasib;
Niaz, Maria;
Akram, Kashfa;
Masood, Ayesha

Publication type:

Article

Bisphenol A mediated histopathological, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Published in:

Toxin Reviews, 2022, v. 41, n. 4, p. 1067, doi. 10.1080/15569543.2021.1972318

By:

Afzal, Gulnaz;
Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq;
Jamal, Adil;
Mustafa, Ghulam;
Kiran, Shumaila;
Hussain, Riaz;
Anjum, Shazia;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Ghaffar, Abdul;
Saeed, Saba

Publication type:

Article

An extreme climatic event and systemic vulnerabilities in the face of conflict: insights from the Taliban insurgency in Swat, Pakistan.

Published in:

Regional Environmental Change, 2021, v. 21, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1007/s10113-020-01738-y

By:

Muzamil, Muhammad Rafay;
Tschakert, Petra;
Boruff, Bryan;
Shahbaz, Babar

Publication type:

Article

Socio-economic advantages and climate adaptation in sustainable vs. conventional cotton: evidence from Pakistan.

Published in:

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2024, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1435747

By:

Mehmood, Hafiz Zahid;
S-Alotibi, Yahya;
Ali, Ahsan;
Ali, Asghar;
Ali, Shoukat;
Muzamil, Muhammad Rafay;
Ahmed Shah, Syed Imran

Publication type:

Article

Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series.

Published in:

Sustainability (2071-1050), 2021, v. 13, n. 8, p. 4192, doi. 10.3390/su13084192

By:

Javed, Muhammad Babar;
Malik, Zaffar;
Kamran, Muhammad;
Abbasi, Ghulam Hassan;
Majeed, Asma;
Riaz, Muhammad;
Bukhari, Muhammad Adnan;
Mustafa, Adnan;
Ahmar, Sunny;
Mora-Poblete, Freddy;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Bukhari, Syed Asad Hussain

Publication type:

Article

The Prognostic Significance of Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in Patients With Advanced Non--Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Pembrolizumab: A Clinical Study.

Published in:

Oncology (08909091), 2022, v. 36, n. 3, p. 156

By:

MacDougall, Kira;
Niazi, Muhammad Rafay Khan;
Hosry, Jeff;
Homsy, Sylvester;
Bershadskiy, Alexander

Publication type:

Article

Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors as Maintenance Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Published in:

Oncology (08909091), 2021, v. 35, n. 11, p. 708, doi. 10.46883/onc.2021.3511.0708

By:

Niazi, Muhammad Rafay Khan;
Jahangir, Abdullah;
Sahra, Syeda;
Sattar, Saud Bin Abdul;
Asti, Divya;
Bershadskiy, Alexander

Publication type:

Article

Comparative Effects of Bio-Wastes in Combination with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria on Growth and Productivity of Okra.

Published in:

Agronomy, 2021, v. 11, n. 10, p. 2065, doi. 10.3390/agronomy11102065

By:

Anwar, Hammad;
Wang, Xiukang;
Hussain, Azhar;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Ahmad, Maqshoof;
Latif, Muhammad;
Jamshaid, Muhammad Usman;
Khalid, Imran;
Dar, Abubakar;
Mustafa, Adnan

Publication type:

Article

Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions.

Published in:

Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, v. 13, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921

By:

Ahmad, Rehan;
Nawaz, Muhammad Rafay;
Ishaq, Muhammad Ishtiaq;
Khan, Mumtaz Muhammad;
Ashraf, Hafiz Ahmad

Publication type:

Article

Alleviation of Toxic Effects of Untreated Wastewater on Selective Vegetables Using Soil Organic Amendments.

Published in:

Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020, v. 26, n. 1, p. 54, doi. 10.15832/ankutbd.449876

By:

MALIK, Zaffar;
ABBASI, Ghulam Hassan;
CHEEMA, Sardar Alam;
DAWOOD, Muhammad;
JAVED, Muhammad Babar;
RAFAY, Muhammad;
MANSHA, Malik Noman;
KHAN, Muhammad Imran

Publication type:

Article

FINANCIAL RISKS ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK FARMERS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN.

Published in:

Journal of Agricultural Research (03681157), 2023, v. 61, n. 4, p. 311, doi. 10.58475/2023.61.4.2071

By:

Ali Rana, Hafiz Amjad;
Iftikhar, Muhammad;
Ashraf, Saleem;
Butt, Tahir Munir;
Muzamil, Muhammad Rafay

Publication type:

Article

SOIL SALINITY HINDERS PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND ITS REMEDIATION - A REVIEW.

Published in:

Journal of Agricultural Research (03681157), 2023, v. 61, n. 3, p. 189, doi. 10.58475/2023.61.3.1941

By:

Shabbir, Samoona;
Nazir, Qudsia;
Saleem, Ifra;
Naz, Raheela;
Azhar, Sajida;
Noor-ul-Ain;
Rafay, Muhammad;
Usman, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Efficacy of anti-interleukin 5 therapy in hypereosinophilic syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Published in:

Allergy & Asthma Proceedings, 2025, v. 46, n. 2, p. e24, doi. 10.2500/aap.2025.46.240106

By:

Masood, Saad;
Paracha, Muhammad Rafay;
Ahmed, Sophia;
Malik, Maha;
Khalid, Abdur Rehman;
Khalid, Muhammad Hamza;
Fatima, Laveeza;
Nasir, Beena Muntaha;
Ur Rahman, Shafiq;
Khan, Komal;
Ahmad, Farooq

Publication type:

Article

A literature review on the role of chemical sphincterotomy after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.

Published in:

International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 2011, v. 26, n. 6, p. 685, doi. 10.1007/s00384-010-1121-4

By:

Siddiqui, Muhammad Rafay Sameem;
Abraham-Igwe, Chuk;
Shangumanandan, Arun;
Grassi, Veronica;
Swift, Ian;
Abulafi, Al Mutaz

Publication type:

Article

Antidiabetic Bioactive Compounds from Juglans regia L. Fruit Endocarp: Isolation, Characterization, and In Silico Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Published in:

ChemistrySelect, 2025, v. 10, n. 14, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/slct.202500572

By:

Rafay, Muhammad Zohaib;
Islam, Muhammad;
Ahmed, Abrar;
Saeed, Hamid;
Wajid, Muhammad;
Siddique, Farhan;
Ahmad, Shabir;
Butt, Mobasher Ahmad;
Ahmad, Sajjad;
Alshabrmi, Fahad M;
Alatawi, Eid A.

Publication type:

Article