Works by Putra, Agung

Results: 155

The Analysis of Teacher Politeness during Learning Process in Bilingual Community School.

Published in:

Journal of Word Science (JWS), 2025, v. 4, n. 6, p. 809

By:

Kurniawati, Kadek Katarina Dewi;
Pastika, I. Wayan;
Putra, Anak Agung Putu

Publication type:

Article

The Influence of Flexible Working Arrangement on Job Satisfaction Mediated by Work-Life Balance Among Organic Employees.

Published in:

Journal of Social Science (2963-1866), 2025, v. 4, n. 6, p. 281

By:

Ngurah Pramana Putra, Anak Agung Gede

Publication type:

Article

KUSTOMISASI LINGKUNGAN RESTORAN UNTUK MAKAN DI TEMPAT (DINE-IN) DI ERA TATANAN KEHIDUPAN BARU.

Published in:

Journal of Agroindustrial Technology / Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 2022, v. 32, n. 3, p. 248, doi. 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2022.32.3.248

By:

Imamuddin, Muhammad Jimly;
Ushada, Mirwan;
Pamungkas, Agung Putra

Publication type:

Article

Laporan Kasus: Penanganan Pyometra Tertutup Disertai Kalkuli Vesika Urinaria pada Anjing Pomeranian Berusia Tujuh Tahun.

Published in:

Jurnal Veteriner, 2023, v. 24, n. 4, p. 573, doi. 10.19087/jveteriner.2023.24.4.573

By:

Rahmadyasti Utomo, Bravanasta Glory;
Putra Pemayun, I Gusti Agung Gde;
Wirata, I. Wayan;
Krisna Erawan, I. Gusti Made;
Batan, I. Wayan

Publication type:

Article

Laporan Kasus: Keberhasilan Penanganan Transmissible Venereal Tumor pada Anjing Kacang Betina dengan Eksisi dan Kemoterapi.

Published in:

Jurnal Veteriner, 2023, v. 24, n. 3, p. 385, doi. 10.19087/jveteriner.2023.24.3.385

By:

Gunawan, Stephanie Ariella;
Agung Gde Putra Pemayun, I Gusti;
Gde Jayawardhita, Anak Agung

Publication type:

Article

Adenokarsinoma pada Kelenjar Ambing Kucing Ras Himalaya: Tampilan Klinik, Penanganan dengan Mastektomi dan Hasilnya.

Published in:

Jurnal Veteriner, 2023, v. 24, n. 2, p. 221, doi. 10.19087/jveteriner.2023.24.2.221

By:

Putra Pemayun, I. Gusti Agung Gde;
Rahmatullah, Adrian Hasan;
Batan, I. Wayan

Publication type:

Article

Respons Fisiologis Babi Bali Terhadap Anestetik Ketamin dan Propofol.

Published in:

Jurnal Veteriner, 2022, v. 23, n. 1, p. 70, doi. 10.19087/jveteriner.2022.23.1.70

By:

Gde Putra Pemayun, I. Gusti Agung;
Ngurah Sudisma, I. Gusti

Publication type:

Article

Establishment and Characterization of Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Skin Tumor in Rats.

Published in:

Jurnal Veteriner, 2022, v. 23, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.19087/jveteriner.2022.23.1.1

By:

Sewoyo, Palagan Senopati;
Mirah Adi, Anak Agung Ayu;
Mantik Astawa, I. Nyoman;
Arta Putra, I. Gusti Agung;
Oka Winaya, Ida Bagus;
Dayanti, Marissa Divia;
Bagus Bramardipa, Anak Agung;
Eli Supartika, I. Ketut

Publication type:

Article

Karakteristik Molekuler Virus Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 Genotipe VII yang Diisolasi dari Tabanan Bali.

Published in:

Jurnal Veteriner, 2019, v. 20, n. 4, p. 593, doi. 10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.4.593

By:

AnakAgung Ayu Mirah Adi;
Nyoman Mantik Astawa;
Nengah Wandia;
Gusti Agung Arta Putra;
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya;
Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika;
Anak Agung Gede Oka Wijaya

Publication type:

Article

Emerging Economies: An Investigation of National Culture and Sustainable Development.

Published in:

Economies, 2024, v. 12, n. 9, p. 226, doi. 10.3390/economies12090226

By:

Cahyadi, Afriyadi;
Raneo, Agung Putra;
Marwa, Taufiq;
Adam, Mohamad;
Szabó, Katalin

Publication type:

Article

Effect of High-Fat Diet on SOD2, GPx, NeuN and BDNF Expression on Frontal Lobe of Obese Rats.

Published in:

Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2021, v. 17, n. 4, p. 162

By:

Nazar, Mohammad Ariq;
Sari, Dwi Cahyani Ratna;
Putra, Agung;
Arfian, Nur

Publication type:

Article

Physical and Chemical Properties of Native and Fully Pregelatinized Cassava Starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

Published in:

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy / Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, 2018, v. 29, n. 3, p. 145, doi. 10.14499/indonesianjpharm29iss3pp145

By:

Agung Dewantara Putra, I. Gusti Ngurah;
Murwanti, Retno;
Rohman, Abdul;
Sulaiman, T. N. Saifullah

Publication type:

Article

Antioxidant properties of topical Caulerpa sp. extract on UVB-induced photoaging in mice.

Published in:

Dermatology Reports, 2018, v. 10, n. 2, p. 17, doi. 10.4081/dr.2018.7597

By:

Wiraguna, Anak Agung Gde Putra;
Pangkahila, Wimpie;
Astawa, I. Nyoman Mantik

Publication type:

Article

Spatial Prioritization for Wildfire Mitigation by Integrating Heterogeneous Spatial Data: A New Multi-Dimensional Approach for Tropical Rainforests.

Published in:

Remote Sensing, 2022, v. 14, n. 3, p. 543, doi. 10.3390/rs14030543

By:

Sakti, Anjar Dimara;
Fauzi, Adam Irwansyah;
Takeuchi, Wataru;
Pradhan, Biswajeet;
Yarime, Masaru;
Vega-Garcia, Cristina;
Agustina, Elprida;
Wibisono, Dionisius;
Anggraini, Tania Septi;
Theodora, Megawati Oktaviani;
Ramadhanti, Desi;
Muhammad, Miqdad Fadhil;
Aufaristama, Muhammad;
Perdana, Agung Mahadi Putra;
Wikantika, Ketut

Publication type:

Article

Tuberculosiss Arthritis: A Case Report.

Published in:

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021, v. 15, n. 1, p. 826, doi. 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13518

By:

Gede Ocha Rama Kharisma Putra, Anak Agung;
Candrawati, Ni Wayan;
Ngurah Rai, Ida Bagus

Publication type:

Article

The Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Curcuma longa and Phyllanthus niruri Extracts on Promoting Apoptotic Pathways in Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

Published in:

Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022, v. 46, n. 5, p. 541

By:

Hermansyah, Dedy;
Munir, Delfitri;
Lelo, Aznan;
Putra, Agung;
Amalina, Nur Dina;
Alif, Iffan

Publication type:

Article

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Manajemen Berbasis Website di PT Bali Tresna Cemerlang dengan Metode Prototype.

Published in:

Journal of Social & Technology / Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi (SOSTECH), 2024, v. 4, n. 8, p. 546, doi. 10.59188/jurnalsostech.v4i8.1332

By:

Adhi Surya Utama, I. Putu;
Yudi Anggara Wijaya, I. Nyoman;
Gede Adi Mega Putra, Anak Agung

Publication type:

Article

Mining the public sentiment for wayang climen preservation and promotion.

Published in:

International Journal of Visual & Performing Arts, 2023, v. 5, n. 2, p. 84, doi. 10.31763/viperarts.v5i2.1163

By:

Wibawa, Aji Prasetya;
Rosyidin, Adjie;
Kurniawati, Fitriana;
Rarastri, Gwinny Tirza;
Zaeni, Ilham Ari Elbaith;
Suyono;
Utama, Agung Bella Putra;
Dwiyanto, Felix Andika

Publication type:

Article

Textual Metafunctions in Inauguration State Speech Text of President Joko Widodo.

Published in:

Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana, 2021, v. 28, n. 2, p. 118, doi. 10.24843/ling.2021.v28.i02.p01

By:

Kusumawardani, W. Sri;
Putra, Anak Agung Putu

Publication type:

Article

Penerapan Taksonomi Bloom pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Di Kelas 2 SD Bali Kiddy.

Published in:

Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana, 2020, v. 27, n. 2, p. 184, doi. 10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i02.p10

By:

Dewi, Ni Kadek Nita;
Suparwa, I. Nyoman;
Putra, Anak Agung Putu

Publication type:

Article

Analisis Wacana Iklan Minuman pada Media Internet.

Published in:

Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana, 2020, v. 27, n. 2, p. 131, doi. 10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i02.p04

By:

Christandian, Putu Tia Aprilia;
Simpen, I. Wayan;
Putra, Anak Agung Putu

Publication type:

Article

Pengaruh Bahasa Pertama Terhadap Tindak Tutur Berbahasa Indonesia Siswa SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar.

Published in:

Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana, 2020, v. 27, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.24843/ling.2020.v27.i01.p01

By:

Indriani, Sri;
Suparwa, I. Nyoman;
Putu Putra, Anak Agung

Publication type:

Article

Predictive action of oncomiR in suppressing TP53 signaling pathway in hypoxia‐conditioned colon cancer cell line HCT‐116.

Published in:

Cell Biology International, 2024, v. 48, n. 12, p. 1891, doi. 10.1002/cbin.12243

By:

Susanti, R.;
Dafip, Muchamad;
Mustikaningtyas, Dewi;
Putra, Agung

Publication type:

Article

Potential Use of the Gel Extract of Butterfly Pea Flower as Topical Therapy to Prevent Photodamage by Downregulating TNF-α and Caspase-3 Expression Levels in UVB-Exposed Rats.

Published in:

Makara Journal of Health Research, 2023, v. 27, n. 1, p. 77, doi. 10.7454/msk.v27i1.1411

By:

Cahyani, Elvana;
Putra, Agung;
Subchan, Prasetyowati

Publication type:

Article

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome in the Inflammatory Mediators and the Survival Rate of Rat Model of Sepsis.

Published in:

Biomedicines, 2023, v. 11, n. 8, p. 2325, doi. 10.3390/biomedicines11082325

By:

Sari, Mutiara Indah;
Jusuf, Nelva Karmila;
Munir, Delfitri;
Putra, Agung;
Bisri, Tatang;
Ilyas, Syafruddin;
Farhat, Farhat;
Muhar, Adi Muradi;
Rusda, Muhammad;
Amin, Mustafa Mahmud

Publication type:

Article

Quantifying the fluxes of carbon loss from an undrained tropical peatland ecosystem in Indonesia.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2024, v. 14, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-024-62233-6

By:

Asyhari, Adibtya;
Gangga, Adi;
Putra, Chandra Agung Septiadi;
Ritonga, Rasis Putra;
Candra, Randi Ade;
Anshari, Gusti Z.;
Bowen, Jennifer C.;
Perryman, Clarice R.;
Novita, Nisa

Publication type:

Article

Response to a Rabies Epidemic, Bali, Indonesia, 2008-2011.

Published in:

Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2013, v. 19, n. 4, p. 648, doi. 10.3201/eid1904.120380

By:

Putra, Anak Agung Gde;
Hampson, Katie;
Girardi, Janice;
Hiby, Elly;
Knobel, Darryn;
Mardiana, I. Wayan;
Townsend, Sunny;
Scott-Orr, Helen

Publication type:

Article

Phenotype and genotype of Boerka goats raised in Bali.

Published in:

Veterinary World, 2023, v. 16, n. 5, p. 912, doi. 10.14202/vetworld.2023.912-917

By:

Suyasa, I. Nyoman;
Suardana, I. Wayan;
Arta Putra, I. Gusti Agung;
Suryani, Ni Nyoman

Publication type:

Article

First survey on seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Bali, Indonesia.

Published in:

Veterinary World, 2022, v. 15, n. 5, p. 1341, doi. 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1341-1346

By:

Agung Arta Putra, I Gusti;
Ayu Mirah Adi, Anak Agung;
Mantik Astawa, I Nyoman;
Kardena, I Made;
Wandia, I Nengah;
Soma, I Gede;
Brotcorne, Fany;
Fuentes, Agustin

Publication type:

Article

The efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated vaccines of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virulent strain in protecting chickens against Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates.

Published in:

Veterinary World, 2019, v. 12, n. 6, p. 758, doi. 10.14202/vetworld.2019.758-764

By:

Mirah Adi, Anak Agung Ayu;
Astawa, I. Nyoman Mantik;
Arta Putra, I. Gusti Agung

Publication type:

Article

Designing Programs for Eliminating Canine Rabies from Islands: Bali, Indonesia as a Case Study.

Published in:

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013, v. 7, n. 8, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002372

By:

Townsend, Sunny E.;
Sumantra, I Putu;
Pudjiatmoko;
Bagus, Gusti Ngurah;
Brum, Eric;
Cleaveland, Sarah;
Crafter, Sally;
Dewi, Ayu P. M.;
Dharma, Dewa Made Ngurah;
Dushoff, Jonathan;
Girardi, Janice;
Gunata, I Ketut;
Hiby, Elly F.;
Kalalo, Corlevin;
Knobel, Darryn L.;
Mardiana, I Wayan;
Putra, Anak Agung Gde;
Schoonman, Luuk;
Scott–Orr, Helen;
Shand, Mike

Publication type:

Article

Designing Programs for Eliminating Canine Rabies from Islands: Bali, Indonesia as a Case Study.

Published in:

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013, v. 7, n. 8, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002372

By:

Townsend, Sunny E.;
Sumantra, I Putu;
Pudjiatmoko;
Bagus, Gusti Ngurah;
Brum, Eric;
Cleaveland, Sarah;
Crafter, Sally;
Dewi, Ayu P. M.;
Dharma, Dewa Made Ngurah;
Dushoff, Jonathan;
Girardi, Janice;
Gunata, I Ketut;
Hiby, Elly F.;
Kalalo, Corlevin;
Knobel, Darryn L.;
Mardiana, I Wayan;
Putra, Anak Agung Gde;
Schoonman, Luuk;
Scott–Orr, Helen;
Shand, Mike

Publication type:

Article

The Association of Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio and IFN-γ/IL-4 Ratio on Status of Sputum Conversion in Tuberculosis Patients with Post Intensive Phase.

Published in:

Medico-Legal Update, 2022, v. 22, n. 2, p. 1, doi. 10.37506/mlu.v22i2.3225

By:

Putra, Anak Agung Gede Ocha Rama Kharisma;
Suryana, I. Ketut;
Rai, Ida Bagus Ngurah;
Candrawati, Ni Wayan;
Kusumawardani, Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi;
Sajinadiyasa, I. Gede Ketut;
Arisanti, Ni Luh Putu Eka

Publication type:

Article

Correlation of Monocyte Lymphocyte ratio and Interferon gamma Interleukin 4 Ratio on Sputum Positivity in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Published in:

Medico-Legal Update, 2022, v. 22, n. 1, p. 47, doi. 10.37506/mlu.v22i1.3179

By:

I. Gusti Ngurah Agung Jaya Semara Putra;
I. Ketut Suryana;
Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai;
Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi Kusumawardani;
Ni Wayan Candrawati;
I. Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa;
Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti

Publication type:

Article

Enhanced Third Degree Burn Wound Healing by Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Secretome: IL-10 Upregulation and TNF-α/PGE2 Suppression.

Published in:

Trends in Sciences, 2024, v. 21, n. 10, p. 1, doi. 10.48048/tis.2024.8288

By:

Dirja, Bayu Tirta;
Wardoyo, Eustachius Hagni;
Putra, Agung;
Amalina, Nur Dina

Publication type:

Article

Secretome of Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats.

Published in:

Trends in Sciences, 2024, v. 21, n. 5, p. 1, doi. 10.48048/tis.2024.7278

By:

Widyaningsih, Wita;
Putra, Agung;
Priyantini, Sri;
Muhar, Adi Muradi;
Sumarawati, Titiek;
Trisnadi, Setyo;
Amalina, Nur Dina;
Alif, Iffan;
Prasetio, Ardi;
Satria Irawan, Risky Chandra

Publication type:

Article

Degree of pain in intravenous injection of propofol with intravenous lidocaine administration; A Literature Review Study.

Published in:

Cerdika : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 2024, v. 4, n. 10, p. 791, doi. 10.59141/cerdika.v4i10.2021

By:

Septiana Putra, Agung Manik;
Gede Widnyana, I Made

Publication type:

Article

Exploring the Role of Deep Learning in Forecasting for Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review.

Published in:

International Journal of Robotics & Control Systems, 2024, v. 4, n. 1, p. 365, doi. 10.31763/ijrcs.v4i1.1328

By:

Putra Utama, Agung Bella;
Wibawa, Aji Prasetya;
Handayani, Anik Nur;
Chuttur, Mohammad Yasser

Publication type:

Article

Forecasting learning in electrical engineering and informatics: An ontological approach.

Published in:

International Journal of Education & Learning (2684-9240), 2023, v. 5, n. 3, p. 185, doi. 10.31763/ijele.v5i3.1227

By:

Putra Utama, Agung Bella;
Patmanthara, Syaad;
Wibawa, Aji Prasetya;
Kurubacak, Gülsün

Publication type:

Article

Social informatics and CDIO: revolutionizing technological education.

Published in:

International Journal of Education & Learning (2684-9240), 2023, v. 5, n. 2, p. 89, doi. 10.31763/ijele.v5i2.1175

By:

Wibawa, Aji Prasetya;
Nabila, Khurin;
Utama, Agung Bella Putra;
Purnomo;
Dwianto, Felix Andika

Publication type:

Article

Sebaceous Adenoma in a Geriatric Poodle Dog: A Case Report.

Published in:

Jurnal Medik Veterinar, 2024, v. 7, n. 2, p. 413, doi. 10.20473/jmv.vol7.iss2.2024.413–419

By:

Oka Winaya, Ida Bagus;
Ayu Mirah Adi, Anak Agung;
Sudimartini, Luh Made;
Merdana, I. Made;
Sudipa, Putu Henrywaesa;
Agung Gde Putra Pemayun, I. Gusti;
Sewoyo, Palagan Senopati

Publication type:

Article

The Impact of Incorporating Medical Mask Waste Fiber on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt.

Published in:

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology (EEET), 2024, v. 25, n. 9, p. 109, doi. 10.12912/27197050/190431

By:

Putra, I. Gusti Agung Ananda;
Thanaya, I. Nyoman Arya;
Ariawan, I. Made Agus;
Ciawi, Yenni

Publication type:

Article

Characteristics and deviation patterns of agricultural land use in tourism area of Canggu, Bali, Indonesia.

Published in:

Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2022, v. 20, n. 2, p. 423, doi. 10.22124/CJES.2022.5591

By:

Suamba, Ida Bagus Surya;
Wiryasa, Ngakan Made Anom;
Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut Acwin;
Diasana Putra, I. Dewa Gede Agung

Publication type:

Article

Potential Loss of Ecosystem Service Value Due to Vessel Activity Expansion in Indonesian Marine Protected Areas.

Published in:

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2023, v. 12, n. 2, p. 75, doi. 10.3390/ijgi12020075

By:

Fauzi, Adam Irwansyah;
Azizah, Nur;
Yati, Emi;
Atmojo, Aulia Try;
Rohman, Arif;
Putra, Raden;
Rahadianto, Muhammad Ario Eko;
Ramadhanti, Desi;
Ardani, Nesya Hafiza;
Robbani, Balqis Falah;
Nuha, Muhammad Ulin;
Perdana, Agung Mahadi Putra;
Sakti, Anjar Dimara;
Aufaristama, Muhammad;
Wikantika, Ketut

Publication type:

Article

Unveiling Paclitaxel-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells: orchestrating Nrf2 Modulation and Apoptosis in CD44+/CD24- Cancer Stem Cells.

Published in:

Breast Cancer: Targets & Therapy, 2024, v. 16, p. 319, doi. 10.2147/BCTT.S457548

By:

Hermansyah, Dedy;
Syarifah, Siti;
Muhar, Adi Muradi;
Putra, Agung

Publication type:

Article

TRANSMISSION OF TRADITIONS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE TRADITIONAL BALINESE HOUSE.

Published in:

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage / Quaderni di Scienza della Conservazione, 2020, v. 20, p. 213

By:

Agung Diasana Putra, I. Dewa Gede

Publication type:

Article

The Effect of Cordyline terminalis’s Leaf Extract on Lipid Profile, Obesity and Liver Function in Obese Induced Rats.

Published in:

Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020, v. 11, n. 11, p. 1080

By:

Ni Wayan Bogoriani;
Ni Made Suaniti;
Bawa Putra, Anak Agung;
Pradnya Lestari, Kadek Dwi;
Heltyani, Wayan Eka

Publication type:

Article

Greenhouse gas fluxes of different land uses in mangrove ecosystem of East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Published in:

Carbon Balance & Management, 2024, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s13021-024-00263-3

By:

Arifanti, Virni Budi;
Candra, Randi Ade;
Putra, Chandra Agung Septiadi;
Asyhari, Adibtya;
Gangga, Adi;
Ritonga, Rasis Putra;
Ilman, Muhammad;
Anggoro, Aji W.;
Novita, Nisa

Publication type:

Article

Avian influenza A H5N1 infections in Bali province, Indonesia: a behavioral, virological and seroepidemiological study.

Published in:

Influenza & Other Respiratory Viruses, 2009, v. 3, n. 3, p. 81, doi. 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00069.x

By:

Santhia, Ketut;
Ramy, Ayu;
Jayaningsih, Putri;
Samaan, Gina;
Gde Putra, Anak Agung;
Dibia, Nyoman;
Sulaimin, Cynthia;
Joni, Gusti;
Leung, Connie Y. H.;
Malik Peiris, Joseph Sriyal;
Wandra, Toni;
Kandun, Nyoman

Publication type:

Article

Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord- Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Published in:

2025

By:

Chalimah Sadyah, Nur Anna;
Nugroho, Heri;
Putra, Agung;
Riwanto, Ignatius

Publication type:

Literature Review