Works matching AU Muhammad, Ayaz

Results: 505

Post-Operative Benefits of Nasogastric Tubes in Patients with Gut Resection a nd Anastomosis: Myth or Reality?

Published in:

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2023, v. 73, p. S201, doi. 10.51253/pafmj.v73iSUPPL-1.4560

By:

Ayaz, Muhammad Ahsan;
Butt, Muhammad Qasim;
Ayaz, Muhammad Mohsin;
Abbas, Maryam;
Islam, Saqib;
Butt, Zainab Qasim

Publication type:

Article

Opportunities and Challenges of Regional Economic Interaction: A Case Study of Pakistan and Nepal.

Published in:

2015

By:

Sohail Ayaz Muhammad;
Ayaz Muhammad Rana;
Akbar, Muqarrab

Publication type:

Case Study

Enantiodivergente Organokaskadenreaktionen.

Published in:

Angewandte Chemie, 2010, v. 122, n. 5, p. 858, doi. 10.1002/ange.200904638

By:

Westermann, Bernhard;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
van Berkel, Sander S.

Publication type:

Article

Mechanisms of Microbial VOC‐Mediated Communication in Plant Ecosystems and Agricultural Applications.

Published in:

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture & Environment, 2025, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/sae2.70044

By:

Ali, Qurban;
Khan, Abdur Rashid;
Raza, Waseem;
Bilal, Muhammad Saqib;
Khalid, Sadia;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Khan, Atta‐Ur‐Rehman;
Mundra, Sunil

Publication type:

Article

Conservation Voltage Reduction Impact Investigation for Personal Computing Devices Using Experimental Measurements and Computation Performance Metrics.

Published in:

Metrology, 2024, v. 4, n. 1, p. 24, doi. 10.3390/metrology4010003

By:

Ayaz, Muhammad;
Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Hur;
Akbar, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Exploring organizational management of extrovert school leadership.

Published in:

International Journal of Evaluation & Research in Education, 2023, v. 12, n. 1, p. 15, doi. 10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23549

By:

Shah, Syed Kamran Ali;
Butt, Muqaddas;
Khan, Ayaz Muhammad;
Zeeshan, Muhamad;
Aziz, Aatika

Publication type:

Article

Do agricultural commodity prices asymmetrically affect the performance of value-added agriculture? Evidence from Pakistan using a NARDL model.

Published in:

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 2023, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1057/s41599-023-01888-4

By:

Kashif, Umair;
Shi, Junguo;
Naseem, Snovia;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Butt, Rehan Sohail;
Khan, Waris Ali;
Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh

Publication type:

Article

Correction: Impacts of climate change on cotton production and advancements in genomic approaches for stress resilience enhancement.

Published in:

2025

By:

Khan, Muhammad Aamir;
Anwar, Saeed;
Abbas, Mubashir;
Aneeq, Muhammad;
De Jong, Fokke;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Wei, Yunxiao;
Zhang, Rui

Publication type:

Correction Notice

Impacts of climate change on cotton production and advancements in genomic approaches for stress resilience enhancement.

Published in:

Journal of Cotton Research, 2025, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s42397-025-00223-3

By:

Khan, Muhammad Aamir;
Anwar, Saeed;
Abbas, Mubashir;
Aneeq, Muhammad;
de Jong, Fokke;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Wei, Yunxiao;
Zhang, Rui

Publication type:

Article

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Rescues Plant Growth and Yield of Salinity Stressed Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.).

Published in:

Gesunde Pflanzen, 2020, v. 72, n. 1, p. 87, doi. 10.1007/s10343-019-00489-z

By:

Alam, Mehboob;
Khan, Muhammad Ayaz;
Imtiaz, Muhammad;
Khan, Muhammad Ali;
Naeem, Muhammad;
Shah, Syed Asim;
Samiullah;
Ahmad, Sayed Hamad;
Khan, Lajbar

Publication type:

Article

Sharp Coefficient Problems of Functions with Bounded Turnings Subordinated by Sigmoid Function.

Published in:

Mathematics (2227-7390), 2022, v. 10, n. 20, p. 3862, doi. 10.3390/math10203862

By:

Arif, Muhammad;
Marwa, Safa;
Xin, Qin;
Tchier, Fairouz;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Malik, Sarfraz Nawaz

Publication type:

Article

Intelligent Control Algorithms for Enhanced Frequency Stability in Single and Interconnected Power Systems.

Published in:

Electronics (2079-9292), 2024, v. 13, n. 21, p. 4219, doi. 10.3390/electronics13214219

By:

Bano, Farheen;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Baig, Dur-e-Zehra;
Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Hur

Publication type:

Article

A Composite Right/Left-Handed Phase Shifter-Based Cylindrical Phased Array with Reinforced Particles Responsive to Magneto-Static Fields.

Published in:

Electronics (2079-9292), 2023, v. 12, n. 2, p. 306, doi. 10.3390/electronics12020306

By:

Ayaz, Muhammad;
Iftikhar, Adnan;
Braaten, Benjamin D.;
Khalil, Wesam;
Ullah, Irfan

Publication type:

Article

Optimizing load demand forecasting in educational buildings using quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization (QPSO) with recurrent neural networks (RNNs):a seasonal approach.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-025-04301-z

By:

Khan, Sunawar;
Mazhar, Tehseen;
Shahzad, Tariq;
Ali, Tariq;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin;
Aggoune, EL-Hadi M.;
Hamam, Habib

Publication type:

Article

Mitigating effect of γ-aminobutyric acid and gibberellic acid on tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-025-96450-4

By:

Shoaib, Saniha;
Iqbal, Rana Khalid;
Ashraf, Hina;
Younis, Uzma;
Rasool, Muhammad Ayaz;
Ansari, Mohammad Javed;
Alarfaj, Abdullah A.;
Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali

Publication type:

Article

Impact of synthetic insecticides on the life table parameters of Trichogramma chilonis under laboratory conditions.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-025-87153-x

By:

Salim, Muhammad;
Arif, Arsalan;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Saljoqi, Ahmad Ur Rahman;
Gökçe, Ayhan;
Khan, Haroon;
Sattar, Shahid;
Ahmad, Bashir;
Khan, Shah Alam

Publication type:

Article

Impact of synthetic insecticides on the life table parameters of Trichogramma chilonis under laboratory conditions.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2025, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-025-87153-x

By:

Salim, Muhammad;
Arif, Arsalan;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Saljoqi, Ahmad Ur Rahman;
Gökçe, Ayhan;
Khan, Haroon;
Sattar, Shahid;
Ahmad, Bashir;
Khan, Shah Alam

Publication type:

Article

Insights into the species-specific TLR4 signaling mechanism in response to Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipid A detection.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2015, p. 7657, doi. 10.1038/srep07657

By:

Anwar, Muhammad Ayaz;
Panneerselvam, Suresh;
Shah, Masaud;
Choi, Sangdun

Publication type:

Article

Granger Causality between Dengue Positive Cases Reported and Health Expenditures (A Case Study from Pakistan).

Published in:

South Asian Journal of Management Sciences, 2013, v. 7, n. 2, p. 82

By:

Ayaz, Muhammad;
Rizwani, Ghazala

Publication type:

Article

DEATH OF ISLAM KARIMOV AND THE FUTURE OF ISLAMISM IN CENTRAL ASIA: CASE STUDY OF ISLAMIC MOVEMENT OF UZBEKISTAN.

Published in:

Central Asia (1729-9802), 2015, n. 77, p. 43

By:

Azhar, Muhammad;
Muhammad, Ayaz

Publication type:

Article

Chemical Characterization, Analgesic, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Potentials of Essential Oils From Isodon rugosus Wall. ex. Benth.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2018.00623

By:

Sadiq, Abdul;
Zeb, Anwar;
Ullah, Farhat;
Ahmad, Sajjad;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Rashid, Umer;
Muhammad, Noor

Publication type:

Article

Anti-Alzheimer's Studies on β-Sitosterol Isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2017, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2017.00697

By:

Ayaz, Muhammad;
Junaid, Muhammad;
Ullah, Farhat;
Subhan, Fazal;
Sadiq, Abdul;
Ali, Gowhar;
Ovais, Muhammad;
Shahid, Muhammad;
Ahmad, Ashfaq;
Wadood, Abdul;
El-Shazly, Mohamed;
Ahmad, Nisar;
Ahmad, Sajjad

Publication type:

Article

Neurologically Potent Molecules from Crataegus oxyacantha; Isolation, Anticholinesterase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2017, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2017.00327

By:

Ali, Mumtaz;
Muhammad, Sultan;
Shah, Muhammad R.;
Khan, Ajmal;
Rashid, Umer;
Farooq, Umar;
Ullah, Farhat;
Sadiq, Abdul;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Ali, Majid;
Ahmad, Manzoor;
Latif, Abdul

Publication type:

Article

Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition, and Molecular Docking Studies of Hydrazones from Dichlorophenylacetic Acids.

Published in:

Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2016, v. 63, n. 12, p. 1015, doi. 10.1002/jccs.201600163

By:

Abid, Obaid‐ur‐Rahman;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Rehman, Wajid;
Mehdi, Kamran;
Ali, Arif;
Wadood, Abdul;
Rahim, Fazal;
Sultan, Aneesa;
Ghufran, Mehreen;
Mir, Sadullah;
Qureshi, Muhammad Tauseef

Publication type:

Article

Beacon-based routing protocols for underwater acoustic sensor networks.

Published in:

International Journal of Communication Systems, 2017, v. 30, n. 18, p. n/a, doi. 10.1002/dac.3375

By:

Tariq, Moeenuddin;
Abd Latiff, Muhammad Shafie;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Abbas, Muhammad Zahid

Publication type:

Article

Evaluation of Chemical Composition and In-Situ Digestion Kinetics of Industrial Hemp Silage and Hay.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, v. 61, n. 3, p. 941, doi. 10.21162/PAKJAS/24.237

By:

Shah, Muhammad Hasnain;
Ayaz Chishti, Muhammad Farhan;
Anwar, Urooj;
Abbas, Waseem;
Mustafa, Riaz;
Farooq, Umar;
Ramzan, Faisal;
Khalid, Muhammad Farooq;
ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz;
Riaz, Muhammad;
Bilal, Muhammad Qamar

Publication type:

Article

Chemical Composition and In-situ Digestion Kinetics of Nutritionally Enriched Straw from Genetically Improved Wheat Varieties.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024, v. 61, n. 2, p. 671, doi. 10.21162/PAKJAS/24.153

By:

Ayaz Chishti, Muhammad Farhan;
ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz;
ur Rehman, Muhammad Saif;
Bilal, Muhammad Qamar

Publication type:

Article

Effect of different dietary levels of concentrate and roughage for optimum growth performance in Thalli lambs.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, v. 59, n. 3, p. 503, doi. 10.21162/PAKJAS/22.1122

By:

Jatta, Karamo;
Chishti, Muhammad Farhan Ayaz;
ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz;
Khan, Sajjad;
Riaz, Muhammad;
Bilal, Qamar;
sharif, Muhmmad

Publication type:

Article

EFFECT OF EMULSIFIER (LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID) SUPPLEMENTATION IN BROILERS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD PROFILE, DIGESTIBILITY, ECONOMICS AND MEAT QUALITY.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, v. 58, n. 3, p. 1033, doi. 10.21162/PAKJAS/21.972

By:

Shahid, Imran;
Anwar, Urooj;
Swar, Sara Omer;
Saleem, M. Ijaz;
Butt, Saqib Faheem;
Khan, Waqar;
Bilal, Muhammad Qamar;
Riaz, Muhammad;
Chishti, Muhammad Farhan Ayaz;
Hussain, Mubasher;
Asif, Akhtar Rasool;
ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz

Publication type:

Article

EFFECT OF Lactobacillus plantarum AND Lactobacillus buchneri ON COMPOSITION, AEROBIC STABILITY, TOTAL LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND E. COLI COUNT OF ENSILED CORN STOVER WITH OR WITHOUT MOLASSES SUPPLEMENTATION.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, v. 58, n. 2, p. 677, doi. 10.21162/PAKJAS/21.1123

By:

Khan, Muhammad;
Sharif, Muhammad;
Naeem, Muhammad Faisal;
Munir, Hassan;
Rafique, Azhar;
Chishti, Muhammad Farhan Ayaz;
Anwar, Urooj;
Bilal, Qamar;
Riaz, Muhammad;
Hussain, Mubasher;
Imran, Safdar;
Hussain, Farhan;
Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz

Publication type:

Article

EARLY PLANTING DATE CAN COMPENSATE THE REDUCTION IN WHEAT YIELD DUE TO FODDER CUTTING IN DUAL PURPOSE WHEAT.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, v. 52, n. 2, p. 469

By:

Naveed, Khalid;
Khan, Muhammad Ayaz;
Baloch, Mohammad Safdar;
Arif, Muhammad;
Naqvi, Sammar Abass;
Khan, Jabbar;
Ali, Sajid

Publication type:

Article

Spiral Rod–Mass 3D Phononic Metamaterial with Tunable Low and Ultra-Wide Bandgap.

Published in:

International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025, v. 17, n. 2, p. 1, doi. 10.1142/S1758825125500097

By:

Du, Yikun;
Akbar, Muhammad Ayaz;
Zhang, Zhaosong;
Kalaida, Tamara;
Qin, Qing-Hua

Publication type:

Article

Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Testing of Quercetin-Copper(II) Complex.

Published in:

Nano Biomedicine & Engineering, 2024, v. 16, n. 3, p. 402, doi. 10.26599/NBE.2024.9290085

By:

Sajid, Sidra;
Jahan, Nazish;
Huma, Zille;
Ali, Muhammad Ishaq;
Zada, Amir;
Ibrar, Aliya;
Ashraf, Ghulam Abbas;
Noureen, Laila;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Arain, Samia;
Saeed, Faiq

Publication type:

Article

Corrigendum to "Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG12a) suppresses hepatitis B virus replication in Huh 7 cells line" [J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 36(9) (2024) 103377].

Published in:

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2024, v. 36, n. 11, p. N.PAG, doi. 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103554

By:

Ullah, Hafiz;
Ullah, Amin;
Gul, Hadia;
Khan, Rahat Ullah;
Ahmad, Junaid;
Almeer, Rafa;
Alam, Khurshid;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Khan, Muhammad Ajmal;
Shah, Zafar Abbass

Publication type:

Article

Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG12a) suppresses hepatitis B virus replication in Huh 7 cells line.

Published in:

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2024, v. 36, n. 9, p. N.PAG, doi. 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103377

By:

Ullah, Hafiz;
Ullah, Amin;
Gul, Hadia;
Ullah Khan, Rahat;
Ahmad, Junaid;
Almeer, Rafa;
Alam, Khurshid;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Ajmal Khan, Muhammad;
Abbass Shah, Zafar

Publication type:

Article

Numerical study of time-fractional fourth-order differential equations with variable coefficients

Published in:

Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2011, v. 23, n. 1, p. 91, doi. 10.1016/j.jksus.2010.06.012

By:

Khan, Najeeb Alam;
Khan, Nasir-Uddin;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Mahmood, Amir;
Fatima, Noor

Publication type:

Article

Delpinium uncinatum mediated green synthesis of AgNPs and its antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potentials.

Published in:

PLoS ONE, 2023, v. 18, n. 4, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0280553

By:

Rehman, Hina;
Ali, Waqar;
Ali, Mohammad;
Khan, Nadir Zaman;
Aasim, Muhammad;
Khan, Ayaz Ali;
Khan, Tariq;
Ali, Muhammad;
Ali, Ashaq;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Shah, Muzamil;
Hashmi, Syed Salman

Publication type:

Article

National Cancer Registry of Pakistan: First Comprehensive Report of Cancer Statistics 2015-2019.

Published in:

Journal of the College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan, 2023, v. 33, n. 6, p. 625, doi. 10.29271/jcpsp.2023.06.857

By:

Ikram, Aamer;
Pervez, Shahid;
Khadim, Muhammad Tahir;
Sohaib, Muhammad;
Uddin, Hafeez;
Badar, Farhana;
Masood, Ahmed Ijaz;
Khattak, Zafar I. A.;
Naz, Saima;
Rahat, Tayyaba;
Murad, Nighat;
Memon, Farah Naz;
Abid, Sumera;
Bashir, Faiza;
Rafique, Ibrar;
Mustafa, Muhammad Ayaz;
Kumar, Roshan;
Shafiq, Aisha

Publication type:

Article

Green Nano-Biotechnology: A New Sustainable Paradigm to Control Dengue Infection.

Published in:

2022

By:

Zohra, Tanzeel;
Khalil, Ali Talha;
Saeed, Faryal;
Latif, Bushra;
Salman, Muhammad;
Ikram, Aamer;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Murthy, H. C. Ananda

Publication type:

Literature Review

Pressure Sensor Based Reliable (PSBR) Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks.

Published in:

Adhoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 2016, v. 32, n. 3/4, p. 175

By:

TARIQ, MOEENUDDIN;
ABD LATIFF, MUHAMMAD SHAFIE;
AYAZ, MUHAMMAD;
COULIBALY, YAHAYA;
WAHID, ABDUL

Publication type:

Article

Journey Of Higher Education Institutions Towards The Accomplishment Of Sustainable Development Goals In Pakistan: A Phenomenological Exploration.

Published in:

Webology, 2022, v. 19, n. 3, p. 3490

By:

Rahim, Haroon;
Khan, Ayaz Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

The Concept Of Human Equality: A Comparative Study In The Light Of The Qur'an And The Bible.

Published in:

Webology, 2022, v. 19, n. 3, p. 1544

By:

Jaffar, Saad;
Mukhtar, Asia;
Muhammad, Sardar;
jadoon, Babar khan;
Ayaz, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Exploring Influence Of Learning Management System On Management Functions Of E-Leadership.

Published in:

Webology, 2022, v. 19, n. 2, p. 9550

By:

Akram, Muhammad;
Khan, Ayaz Muhammad;
Ahmad, Nazir

Publication type:

Article

Impact Of Social Factors On The Student Achievement In Punjab, Pakistan.

Published in:

Webology, 2022, v. 19, n. 2, p. 9768

By:

Hasnain, Zil;
Khan, Ayaz Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Synthesis and bio-molecular study of (+)-N-Acetyl-α-amino acid dehydroabietylamine derivative for the selective therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Published in:

2016

By:

Mustufa, Muhammad Ayaz;
Ozen, Cigdem;
Hashmi, Imran Ali;
Aslam, Afshan;
Baig, Jameel Ahmed;
Yildiz, Gokhan;
Muhammad, Shoaib;
Solangi, Imam Bakhsh;
Ul Hasan Naqvi, Naim;
Ozturk, Mehmet;
Ali, Firdous Imran

Publication type:

journal article

Synthesis and bio-molecular study of (+)-NAcetyl- a-amino acid dehydroabietylamine derivative for the selective therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Published in:

BMC Cancer, 2016, v. 16, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s12885-016-2942-5

By:

Mustufa, Muhammad Ayaz;
Ozen, Cigdem;
Hashmi, Imran Ali;
Aslam, Afshan;
Baig, Jameel Ahmed;
Yildiz, Gokhan;
Muhammad, Shoaib;
Solangi, Imam Bakhsh;
ul Hasan Naqvi, Naim;
Ozturk, Mehmet;
Ali, Firdous Imran

Publication type:

Article

Extraction optimization, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, HPLC-DAD analysis and diverse pharmacological evaluations of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants.

Published in:

Natural Product Research, 2019, v. 33, n. 1, p. 136, doi. 10.1080/14786419.2018.1437428

By:

Zohra, Tanzeel;
Ovais, Muhammad;
Khalil, Ali Talha;
Qasim, Muhammad;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Shinwari, Zabta Khan

Publication type:

Article

Phenolic, flavonoid contents, anticholinesterase and antioxidant evaluation of Iris germanica var ; florentina.

Published in:

Natural Product Research, 2016, v. 30, n. 12, p. 1440, doi. 10.1080/14786419.2015.1057585

By:

Ullah, Farhat;
Ayaz, Muhammad;
Sadiq, Abdul;
Hussain, Abid;
Ahmad, Sajjad;
Imran, Muhammad;
Zeb, Anwar

Publication type:

Article

Levenberg–Marquardt Backpropagation for Numerical Treatment of Micropolar Flow in a Porous Channel with Mass Injection.

Published in:

Complexity, 2021, p. 1, doi. 10.1155/2021/5337589

By:

Ullah, Hakeem;
Khan, Imran;
AlSalman, Hussain;
Islam, Saeed;
Asif Zahoor Raja, Muhammad;
Shoaib, Muhammad;
Gumaei, Abdu;
Fiza, Mehreen;
Ullah, Kashif;
Mizanur Rahman, Sk. Md.;
Ayaz, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Assessment of Soil Fertility and Water Dynamics under Different Tillage Practices in Loess Degraded Soil of Balochistan.

Published in:

Journal of Agriculture & Veterinary Science, 2024, v. 3, n. 2, p. 157, doi. 10.55627/agrivet.003.02.0575

By:

Ayaz, Muhammad;
Sharif, Muhammad;
Jamali, Aurangzaib;
Sadudin;
Ali, Barkat;
Ahmed, Mujtaba

Publication type:

Article