Works by Kursad Unluhizarci

Results: 82

The effect of additional acarbose on metformin-associated artificially high <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Published in:

Acta Diabetologica, 2022, v. 59, n. 7, p. 929, doi. 10.1007/s00592-022-01890-3

By:

Urhan, Emre;
Temizer, Emre;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Abdulrezzak, Ummuhan;
Kara, Canan Sehit;
Hacioglu, Aysa;
Unluhizarci, Kursad

Publication type:

Article

Investigation of ischemia-modified albumin levels and some atherosclerosis-related serum parameters in patients with diabetic foot.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016, v. 46, n. 1, p. 126, doi. 10.3906/sag-1406-38

By:

MUHTAROĞLU, Sabahattin;
BARLAK KETİ, Didem;
ÜNLÜHİZARCI, Kürşad

Publication type:

Article

Comparison of total, salivary and calculated free cortisol levels in patients with severe sepsis.

Published in:

Journal of Intensive Care, 2016, v. 4, p. 1, doi. 10.1186/s40560-015-0125-0

By:

Elbuken, Gulsah;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Sungur, Murat;
Doganay, Mehmet;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

The association of androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance is independent of hyperandrogenemia: A case-control study.

Published in:

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 2016, v. 57, n. 3, p. e88, doi. 10.1111/ajd.12285

By:

Kartal, Demet;
Borlu, Murat;
Çınar, Salih L;
Ferahbaş, Ayten;
Ulaş, Yılmaz;
Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad;
Ukşal, Ümit;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Do We Still Need the TRH Stimulation Test.

Published in:

Thyroid, 2007, v. 17, n. 6, p. 529, doi. 10.1089/thy.2006.0311

By:

Hulusi Atmaca;
Fatih Tanriverdi;
Cumali Gokce;
Kursad Unluhizarci;
Fahrettin Kelestimur

Publication type:

Article

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Function and Adrenal Insufficiency in COVID-19 Patients.

Published in:

Neuroimmunomodulation, 2023, v. 30, n. 1, p. 215, doi. 10.1159/000534025

By:

Durcan, Emre;
Hacioglu, Aysa;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Gonen, Mustafa Sait;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Could Performance-Enhancing Drugs Be Responsible for Small Pituitary Volume in Retired Boxers?

Published in:

2009

By:

Berman, Daniel S.;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Letter

Brief Communication: Pituitary Volume and Function in Competing and Retired Male Boxers.

Published in:

Annals of Internal Medicine, 2008, v. 148, n. 11, p. 827, doi. 10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00005

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kocyigit, Ismail;
Tuna, Ibrahim S.;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Durak, Ahmet C.;
Selcuklu, Ahmet;
Casanueva, Felipe F.;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Pituitary Gland as a Rare Primary Localization of Lymphoma.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2022, v. 26, n. 1, p. 55, doi. 10.25179/tjem.2021-84943

By:

ÖZBAŞ, Burak;
CANÖZ, Özlem;
GÜVEN, Zeynep;
ÖKÇESİZ, İzzet;
DURSUN, Hüseyin;
SELÇUKLU, Ahmet;
YILMAZ, Hatice;
KARACA, Züleyha;
ÜNLÜHIZARCI, Kürşad

Publication type:

Article

Evaluation of Hyperandrogenemia in Women with Prolactinoma.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020, v. 24, n. 1, p. 55, doi. 10.25179/tjem.2019-72018

By:

ÜNAL, Mehmet Çağrı;
KARACA, Züleyha;
ÜNLÜHIZARCI, Kürşad;
KELEŞTEMUR, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Use of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: Expert Panel Recommendations.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2018, v. 22, n. 3, p. 183, doi. 10.25179/tjem.2017-57420

By:

Akalın, Sema;
Aydın, Haşan;
Balcı, Mustafa Kemal;
Çömlekçi, Abdurrahman;
Dinççağ, Nevin;
Erbaş, Tomris;
Ersöz, Halil Önder;
Yavuz, Dilek Gogas;
Güllü, Sevim;
Şahin, İbrahim;
Siva, Zeynep Oşar;
Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad

Publication type:

Article

17-Alpha Hydroxylase Deficiency: A Rare Case of Primary Amenorrhea and Hypertension.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2014, v. 18, n. 4, p. 137, doi. 10.4274/tjem.2415

By:

Şimşek, Yasin;
Polat, Seher;
Riepe, Felix G.;
Diri, Halit;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad;
Holterhus, Paul-Martin;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Comparison of Electrochemiluminescence and Enzyme Immunoassay Methods for the Measurement of Salivary Cortisol.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2014, v. 18, n. 4, p. 111, doi. 10.4274/tjem.2556

By:

Elbüken, Gülşah;
Köse, Kader;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Ünlühizarcı, Kürşad;
Zararsız, Gökmen;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Case Report. Circulating Antibodies to T4 Causing Discordant Tests of Thyroid Function: A Case Report.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2014, v. 18, n. 1, p. 19, doi. 10.4274/tjem.2290

By:

Elbüken, Gülşah;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kürşad;
Refetoff, Samuel;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Anatomical Variations May Interfere with Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling Results.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2010, v. 14, n. 4, p. 95

By:

Elbüken, Gülşah;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Çakır, İlkay;
Dönmez, Halil;
Selçuklu, Ahmet;
Çolak, Ramis;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

A Case with Pituitary Abscess Presented with Acute Purulent Meningitis.

Published in:

2009

By:

Çakır, İlkay;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Alp, Emine;
Dönmez, Halil;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Elbüken, Gülşah;
Selçuklu, Ahmet;
Ünlühizarcı, Kürşad;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Case Study

Investigation of pituitary functions after acute coronavirus disease 2019.

Published in:

Endocrine Journal, 2022, v. 69, n. 6, p. 649, doi. 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0531

By:

Urhan, Emre;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Unuvar, Gamze Kalin;
Gundogan, Kursat;
Unluhizarci, Kursad

Publication type:

Article

Treatment of male hypogonadism partially reverses oxidative stress in patients with hypogonadism.

Published in:

Endocrine Journal, 2020, v. 67, n. 9, p. 935, doi. 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0133

By:

Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Sık, Sevil Kaya;
Keti, Didem Barlak;
Kose, Kader;
Hacıoglu, Aysa;
Karaca, Zuleyha

Publication type:

Article

The comprehensive evaluation of oral and fecal microbiota in patients with acromegaly.

Published in:

Pituitary, 2024, v. 27, n. 5, p. 555, doi. 10.1007/s11102-024-01444-6

By:

Sahin, Serdar;
Gundogdu, Aycan;
Nalbantoglu, Ufuk;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Hacioglu, Aysa;
Urhan, Muhammed Emre;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Hora, Mehmet;
Tanrıverdi, Elif Seren;
Durcan, Emre;
Elbüken, Gülsah;
Dokmetas, Hatice Sebile;
Zuhur, Sayid Shafi;
Tanriover, Necmettin;
Türe, Ugur;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin;
Kadioglu, Pinar

Publication type:

Article

The diagnosis and prevalence of hypoprolactinemia in patients with panhypopituitarism and the effects on depression and sexual functions.

Published in:

Pituitary, 2024, v. 27, n. 3, p. 277, doi. 10.1007/s11102-024-01393-0

By:

Uzun, Ilknur;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Hacioğlu, Aysa;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Acromegaly is associated with a distinct oral and gut microbiota.

Published in:

Pituitary, 2022, v. 25, n. 3, p. 520, doi. 10.1007/s11102-022-01223-1

By:

Sahin, Serdar;
Gundogdu, Aycan;
Nalbantoglu, Ufuk;
Kadioglu, Pinar;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Hacioglu, Aysa;
Urhan, Muhammed Emre;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Demir, Ahmet Numan;
Hora, Mehmet;
Durcan, Emre;
Elbüken, Gülsah;
Dokmetas, Hatice Sebile;
Zuhur, Sayid Shafi;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Can a glucagon stimulation test characterized by lower GH cut-off value be used for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults?

Published in:

Pituitary, 2015, v. 18, n. 6, p. 884, doi. 10.1007/s11102-015-0666-1

By:

Diri, Halit;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Simsek, Yasin;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Selcuklu, Ahmet;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

The comparison of low and standard dose ACTH and glucagon stimulation tests in the evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy adults.

Published in:

Pituitary, 2011, v. 14, n. 2, p. 134, doi. 10.1007/s11102-010-0270-3

By:

Karaca, Zuleyha;
Lale, Ayhan;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Kula, Mustafa;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Pituitary function in subjects with mild traumatic brain injury: a review of literature and proposal of a screening strategy.

Published in:

Pituitary, 2010, v. 13, n. 2, p. 146, doi. 10.1007/s11102-009-0215-x

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults.

Published in:

Endocrinology Research & Practice, 2025, v. 29, n. 1, p. 43, doi. 10.5152/erp.2024.24539

By:

Urhan, Emre;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Changes in Cognitive Functions Caused by Acute Hypothyroidism During Withdrawal of L-Thyroxine in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Published in:

Endocrinology Research & Practice, 2024, v. 28, n. 3, p. 164, doi. 10.5152/erp.2024.24442

By:

Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad;
Cengiz, Burcu Eren;
Dolu, Nazan;
Hacıoğlu, Ayşa;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Empty Sella may be the Final Outcome in Lymphocytic Hypophysitis.

Published in:

Endocrine Research, 2009, v. 34, n. 1/2, p. 10, doi. 10.1080/07435800902841306

By:

Karaca, Zuleyha;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin;
Donmez, Halil

Publication type:

Article

Peripheral Blood CD34<sup>+</sup> Cell Counts in Patients With Severe Sepsis.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Immunology, 2016, v. 4, n. 2, p. 19, doi. 10.5606/tji.2016.481

By:

Elbüken, Gülşah;
Karaca, Züleyha;
Tanrıverdi, Fatih;
Eser, Bülent;
Ünlühizarcı, Kürşad;
Coşkun, Ramazan;
Atalay, Altay;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Comparison of spironolactone and spironolactone plus metformin in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Published in:

Gynecological Endocrinology, 2016, v. 32, n. 1, p. 42, doi. 10.3109/09513590.2015.1080679

By:

Diri, Halit;
Karaburgu, Sulbiye;
Acmaz, Banu;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Metformin improves endothelial function and carotid intima media thickness in patients with PCOS.

Published in:

Gynecological Endocrinology, 2015, v. 31, n. 5, p. 401, doi. 10.3109/09513590.2015.1006188

By:

Kaya, Mehmet Gungor;
Yildirim, Sumeyra;
Calapkorur, Bekir;
Akpek, Mahmut;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

The prevalence of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia among Turkish women with hyperandrogenism.

Published in:

Gynecological Endocrinology, 2010, v. 26, n. 2, p. 139, doi. 10.3109/09513590903215466

By:

Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kula, Mustafa;
Dundar, Munis;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Israel, Shoshana;
Colak, Ramis;
Dokmetas, Hatice Sebila;
Atmaca, Hulusi;
Bahceci, Mithat;
Balci, Mustafa Kemal;
Comlekci, Abdurrahman;
Bilen, Habip;
Akarsu, Ersin;
Erem, Cihangir;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, leptin concentrations and insulin resistance in benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women.

Published in:

Gynecological Endocrinology, 2008, v. 24, n. 3, p. 117, doi. 10.1080/09513590801895559

By:

Serin, Ibrahim Serdar;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Yilmaz, Mustafa Oguz;
Ozcelik, Bulent;
Unluhizarci, Kursad

Publication type:

Article

Extensive investigation of 114 patients with Sheehan's syndrome: a continuing disorder.

Published in:

European Journal of Endocrinology, 2014, v. 171, n. 3, p. 311, doi. 10.1530/EJE-14-0244

By:

Diri, Halit;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Senol, Serkan;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Durak, Ahmet Candan;
Atmaca, Hulusi;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

A comparison between spironolactone and spironolactone plus finasteride in the treatment of hirsutism.

Published in:

European Journal of Endocrinology, 2004, v. 150, n. 3, p. 0351

By:

Fahrettin Kelestimur;
Hatice Everest;
Kursad Unluhızarcı;
Fahri Bayram;
Yılmaz Sahin

Publication type:

Article

A comparison between the effects of low dose (1&mgr;g) and standard dose (250&mgr;g) ACTH stimulation tests on adrenal P450c17&agr; enzyme activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Published in:

European Journal of Endocrinology, 2002, v. 147, n. 4, p. 473

By:

Çolak, Ramiz;
Keleştimur, Fahrettin;
Ünlühizarci, Kürşad;
Bayram, Fahri;
Şahin, Yilmaz;
Tutuş, Ahmet

Publication type:

Article

The molecular basis and genotype–phenotype correlations of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in Anatolian population.

Published in:

Molecular Biology Reports, 2019, v. 46, n. 4, p. 3677, doi. 10.1007/s11033-019-04809-4

By:

Dundar, Ayca;
Bayramov, Ruslan;
Onal, Muge G.;
Akkus, Mustafa;
Dogan, Muhammet E.;
Kenanoglu, Sercan;
Cerrah Gunes, Meltem;
Kazimli, Ulviye;
Ozbek, Mehmet N.;
Ercan, Oya;
Yildirim, Ruken;
Celmeli, Gamze;
Parlak, Mesut;
Dundar, Ismail;
Hatipoglu, Nihal;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Akalin, Hilal;
Ozkul, Yusuf;
Saatci, Cetin;
Dundar, Munis

Publication type:

Article

Detection and comparison of cut-off values for total AgNOR area/nuclear area and AgNOR number/nucleus in benign thyroid nodules and normal thyroid tissue.

Published in:

Cell Biology International, 2013, v. 37, n. 3, p. 257, doi. 10.1002/cbin.10038

By:

Eroz, Recep;
Cucer, Nurhan;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Ozturk, Figen

Publication type:

Article

Investigation of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Epileptic Women Treated for Epilepsy.

Published in:

Archives of Neuropsychiatry / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 2012, v. 49, n. 2, p. 133, doi. 10.4274/npa.y6265

By:

ERDOĞAN, Füsun Ferda;
ARIK YÜKSEL, Sevgi;
ERSOY, Ali Özdemir;
ÜNLÜHIZARCI, Kürşad;
TANRIVERDİ, Fatih;
KELEŞTİMUR, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Yerleşmiş Osteoporozda Teriparatid Tedavisinin Spinal Deformite İndeksi Üzerine Etkisi.

Published in:

Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis / Turk Osteoporoz Dergisi, 2019, v. 25, n. 1, p. 6, doi. 10.4274/tod.galenos.2019.39306

By:

Demir, Fatma Gül Ülkü;
Çalış, Mustafa;
Çalış, Havva Talay;
Ünlühızarcı, Kürşad;
Bolat, Esra Sonbahar;
Mıstık, Selçuk

Publication type:

Article

Assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in critical illness.

Published in:

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2011, v. 6, n. 1, p. 35, doi. 10.1586/EEM.10.80

By:

Elbuken, Gulsah;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Response to commentary: "Primary hypophysitis and the benefits of glucocorticoids, a still unresolved question".

Published in:

European Journal of Endocrinology, 2025, v. 192, n. 1, p. L3, doi. 10.1093/ejendo/lvae165

By:

Hacioglu, Aysa;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Is idiopathic hirsutism (IH) really idiopathic? mRNA expressions of skin steroidogenic enzymes in women with IH.

Published in:

European Journal of Endocrinology, 2015, v. 173, n. 4, p. 447, doi. 10.1530/EJE-15-0460

By:

Taheri, Serpil;
Zararsiz, Gokmen;
Karaburgu, Sulbiye;
Borlu, Murat;
Ozgun, Mahmut Tuncay;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Dundar, Munis;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin;
Unluhizarci, Kursad

Publication type:

Article

Growth hormone deficiency due to sports-related head trauma is associated with impaired cognitive performance in amateur boxers and kickboxers as revealed by P300 auditory event-related potentials.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2013, v. 78, n. 5, p. 730, doi. 10.1111/cen.12037

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Suer, Cem;
Yapislar, Hande;
Kocyigit, Ismail;
Selcuklu, Ahmet;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Casanueva, Felipe F.;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

The effects of treatment with drospirenone/ethinyl oestradiol alone or in combination with metformin on elastic properties of aorta in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2012, v. 77, n. 6, p. 885, doi. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04436.x

By:

Kaya, Mehmet G.;
Calapkorur, Bekir;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Yildirim, Sumeyra;
Celik, Ahmet;
Akpek, Mahmut;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Three years prospective investigation of anterior pituitary function after traumatic brain injury: a pilot study.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2008, v. 68, n. 4, p. 573, doi. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03070.x

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Ulutabanca, Halil;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Selcuklu, Ahmet;
Casanueva, Felipe F.;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

The effects of metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2007, v. 67, n. 6, p. 904, doi. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02985.x

By:

Sahin, Yilmaz;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Yilmazsoy, Ayse;
Yikilmaz, Ali;
Aygen, Ercan;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

High risk of pituitary dysfunction due to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a prospective investigation of anterior pituitary function in the acute phase and 12 months after the event.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2007, v. 67, n. 6, p. 931, doi. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02989.x

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Dagli, Ahmet Turan;
Karaca, Zuleyha;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Selcuklu, Ahmet;
Casanueva, Felipe F.;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Kickboxing sport as a new cause of traumatic brain injury-mediated hypopituitarism.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2007, v. 66, n. 3, p. 360, doi. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02737.x

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Coksevim, Bekir;
Selcuklu, Ahmed;
Casanueva, Felipe F.;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Investigation of the skin characteristics in patients with severe GH deficiency and the effects of 6 months of GH replacement therapy: a randomized placebo controlled study.

Published in:

Clinical Endocrinology, 2006, v. 65, n. 5, p. 579, doi. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02631.x

By:

Tanriverdi, Fatih;
Borlu, Murat;
Atmaca, Hulusi;
Koc, Cagdas Atasavun;
Unluhizarci, Kursad;
Utas, Serap;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Article

Cortisol responses to low (1 µg) and standard (250 µg) dose ACTH stimulation tests in patients with primary hypothyroidism.

Published in:

2001

By:

Ünlühizarci, Kürsad;
Bayram, Fahri;
Güven, Muhammed;
Kula, Mustafa;
Çolak, Ramiz;
Kelestimur, Fahrettin

Publication type:

Letter