Works matching AU Iqbal, Shahid

Results: 782

The Changing Contours of India's Arms Control and Disarmament Policy.

Published in:

India Quarterly, 2025, v. 81, n. 2, p. 210, doi. 10.1177/09749284251328231

By:

Iqbal, Shahid;
Kazi, Reshmi

Publication type:

Article

Effect of Different Insect Pollinators Conservation Strategies on Fruit Yield Parameters of Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L.

Published in:

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2025, v. 41, n. 2, p. 476

By:

Haider, Ghulam;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Farooq, Umar;
Noor, Faisal;
Majeed, Muhammad Zeeshan;
Dawood, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Is the Indus Basin Drying? Disparities in the Environmental Flow, Inflow, and Outflow of the Basin.

Published in:

Water (20734441), 2025, v. 17, n. 10, p. 1557, doi. 10.3390/w17101557

By:

Ahmed, Naveed;
Lu, Haishen;
Đurin, Bojan;
Kranjčić, Nikola;
Adeyeri, Oluwafemi E.;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Youssef, Youssef M.

Publication type:

Article

Advancing Regional Adaptation and Nitrogen Stress Resilience Through Integrative Phenotyping of Watkins Wheat Landraces via Source–Sink Dynamics.

Published in:

Diversity (14242818), 2025, v. 17, n. 5, p. 359, doi. 10.3390/d17050359

By:

Waheed, Abdul;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Sarfraz, Zareen;
Wei, Yanping;
Hou, Junliang;
Li, Sixing;
Song, Bo;
Cheng, Shifeng

Publication type:

Article

Flupyradifurone Exhibits Greater Toxicity to the Asian Bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis Compared to the European Bumblebee Bombus terrestris.

Published in:

Insects (2075-4450), 2025, v. 16, n. 5, p. 455, doi. 10.3390/insects16050455

By:

Jie, Chunting;
Zhang, Hong;
Zhou, Ziyu;
Miao, Zhengying;
Han, Bo;
Guo, Baodi;
Guo, Yi;
Hu, Xiao;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Wei, Bingshuai;
Huang, Jiaxing;
Dai, Pingli;
An, Jiandong

Publication type:

Article

Production and characterization of biodiesel from Eriobotrya Japonica seed oil: an optimization study.

Published in:

International Journal of Green Energy, 2017, v. 14, n. 6, p. 569, doi. 10.1080/15435075.2017.1310107

By:

Akhtar, Taslim;
Tariq, Muhammad Ilyas;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Sultana, Nargis;
Wei, Chan Kim

Publication type:

Article

Harnessing the role of genes involved in plant architectural changes.

Published in:

Plant Growth Regulation, 2023, v. 101, n. 1, p. 15, doi. 10.1007/s10725-023-01003-2

By:

Batool, Aaliya;
Zahra, Noreen;
Naseer, Rubina;
Shahzad, Sobia;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Kausar, Abida;
Raza, Ali

Publication type:

Article

Influence of Fe and Ni contents on the optical and electrical properties of ZnS quantum dots.

Published in:

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2017, v. 28, n. 5, p. 4449, doi. 10.1007/s10854-016-6074-0

By:

Iqbal, Shahid;
Khan, Rafaqat;
Iqbal, Muhammad;
Waqas, Muhammad;
Nisar, Jan;
Shah, Fahim;
Khan, Abdur

Publication type:

Article

Physiological and biochemical assortment in different wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under rain fed conditions.

Published in:

Functional Plant Biology, 2024, v. 51, n. 4, p. 1, doi. 10.1071/FP23252

By:

Javed, Syeda Okasha;
Awan, Shahid Iqbal;
Shouket, Sania;
Attia, Kotb A.;
Zhu Xi;
Mohammed, Arif Ahmed;
Khan, Sher Aslam;
Javed, Sayeda Tanavish;
Majeed, Yasir

Publication type:

Article

Corrigendum to: Physiological and biochemical assortment in different wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under rain fed conditions.

Published in:

Functional Plant Biology, 2024, v. 51, n. 4, p. 1, doi. 10.1071/FP23252_CO

By:

Javed, Syeda Okasha;
Awan, Shahid Iqbal;
Shouket, Sania;
Attia, Kotb A.;
Xi, Zhu;
Mohammed, Arif Ahmed;
Khan, Sher Aslam;
Javed, Sayeda Tanavish;
Majeed, Yasir

Publication type:

Article

Determining SST Satisfaction and SST Loyalty through SST User Characteristics: The Mediating Role of Co-creation Experience.

Published in:

Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 2024, v. 8, p. 731, doi. 10.35484/pssr.2024(8-II-S)64

By:

Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Ul Hassan, Masood

Publication type:

Article

Performance Analysis of ACO-OFDM Visible Light Communication System Based on SCMA.

Published in:

Journal on Internet of Things, 2022, v. 4, n. 4, p. 215, doi. 10.32604/jiot.2022.038270

By:

Xiukai Ruan;
Awan, Shahid Iqbal

Publication type:

Article

Chlorination byproducts of Arabian Gulf seawater.

Published in:

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 1987, v. 38, n. 3, p. 475, doi. 10.1007/BF01606617

By:

Fayad, Nabil;
Iqbal, Shahid

Publication type:

Article

Comparative Evaluation of Various Extraction Techniques for Secondary Metabolites from Bombax ceiba L. Flowering Plants along with In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Performance.

Published in:

Bioengineering (Basel), 2022, v. 9, n. 10, p. N.PAG, doi. 10.3390/bioengineering9100486

By:

Yasien, Sara;
Iqbal, Muhammad Muntazir;
Javed, Mohsin;
Alnuwaiser, Maha Abdallah;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Mahmood, Qaiser;
Elkaeed, Eslam B.;
Dera, Ayed A.;
Alrbyawi, Hamad;
Pashameah, Rami Adel;
Alzahrani, Eman;
Farouk, Abd-ElAziem

Publication type:

Article

Band gap tuning of BaFe12O19 with Mg and Mn doping to enhance solar light absorption for photocatalytic application.

Published in:

International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, v. 45, n. 7, p. 11193, doi. 10.1002/er.6600

By:

Bibi, Ismat;
Naz, Tahmina;
Majid, Farzana;
Kamal, Shagufta;
Ata, Sadia;
Almoneef, Maha M.;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Iqbal, Munawar

Publication type:

Article

Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic efficiency of Co‐ and Gd‐doped LaNiO3 and effect of doping on photochemical, electrochemical, and ferroelectric properties.

Published in:

International Journal of Energy Research, 2021, v. 45, n. 6, p. 8971, doi. 10.1002/er.6429

By:

Iqbal, Shahid;
Bibi, Ismat;
Iqbal, Munawar

Publication type:

Article

Artificial Nociceptor Using Liquid Ionic Memory.

Published in:

Advanced Electronic Materials, 2022, v. 8, n. 7, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/aelm.202101066

By:

Sial, Qadeer Akbar;
Kumar, Mohit;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Kalanur, Shankara S.;
Seo, Hyungtak

Publication type:

Article

The impact of bank capital, bank liquidity and credit risk on profitability in postcrisis period:‎ A comparative study of US and Asia.

Published in:

Cogent Economics & Finance, 2019, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1080/23322039.2019.1605683

By:

Abbas, Faisal;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Aziz, Bilal;
Yang, Zhaojun

Publication type:

Article

The impact of supervisory justice and perceived Supervisor support on organizational citizenship behavior and commitment to supervisor: the mediating role of trust.

Published in:

Cogent Business & Management, 2018, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1080/23311975.2018.1493902

By:

Akram, Ammara;
Kamran, Muhammad;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Habibah, Ume;
Atif Ishaq, Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

Impact of self-service technology (SST) service quality on customer loyalty and behavioral intention: The mediating role of customer satisfaction.

Published in:

Cogent Business & Management, 2018, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1080/23311975.2018.1423770

By:

Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad;
Ul Hassan, Masood;
Habibah, Ume

Publication type:

Article

Causes of Initiation of Methamphetamine Use in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study.

Published in:

Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 2022, v. 9, n. 3, p. 264, doi. 10.5152/ADDICTA.2022.22030

By:

Khaliq Jan, Sameer Ul;
Ali, Ahmad;
Niqab, Muhammad;
Iqbal, Shahid

Publication type:

Article

Pharmacognostic Evaluation, Chemical Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Bassia indica (Wight) A.J. Scott.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2024, v. 13, n. 13, p. 1753, doi. 10.3390/plants13131753

By:

Anjum, Fayyaz;
Touqeer, Saad;
Khan, Muhammad Younus;
Jamil, QurratUlAin;
Rida, Ayesha;
Shirazi, Jafir Hussain;
Ejaz, Syeda Abida;
Attaullah, Hafiz Muhammad;
Sarwar, Ghulam;
Khan, Zaeem Hayat;
Wazir, Muhammad Asif;
Malik, Barizah;
Aufy, Mohammed;
Iqbal, Shahid Muhammad

Publication type:

Article

A Mini Review of Citrus Rootstocks and Their Role in High-Density Orchards.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2022, v. 11, n. 21, p. 2876, doi. 10.3390/plants11212876

By:

Hayat, Faisal;
Li, Juan;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Peng, Yang;
Hong, Leming;
Balal, Rashad Mukhtar;
Khan, Muhammad Nawaz;
Nawaz, Muhammad Azher;
Khan, Ummara;
Farhan, Muhammad Asad;
Li, Caiqing;
Song, Wenpei;
Tu, Panfeng;
Chen, Jiezhong

Publication type:

Article

Bioinformatics Study of Aux/IAA Family Genes and Their Expression in Response to Different Hormones Treatments during Japanese Apricot Fruit Development and Ripening.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2022, v. 11, n. 15, p. 1898, doi. 10.3390/plants11151898

By:

Iqbal, Shahid;
Hayat, Faisal;
Mushtaq, Naveed;
Khalil-ur-Rehman, Muhammad;
Khan, Ummara;
Yasoob, Talat Bilal;
Khan, Muhammad Nawaz;
Ni, Zhaojun;
Ting, Shi;
Gao, Zhihong

Publication type:

Article

Genome-Wide Association Studies of Root-Related Traits in Brassica napus L. under Low-Potassium Conditions.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2022, v. 11, n. 14, p. N.PAG, doi. 10.3390/plants11141826

By:

Ibrahim, Sani;
Ahmad, Nazir;
Kuang, Lieqiong;
Tian, Ze;
Sadau, Salisu Bello;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Wang, Xinfa;
Wang, Hanzhong;
Dun, Xiaoling

Publication type:

Article

Trends and Limits for Quinoa Production and Promotion in Pakistan.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2022, v. 11, n. 12, p. 1603, doi. 10.3390/plants11121603

By:

Afzal, Irfan;
Basra, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed;
Rehman, Hafeez Ur;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Bazile, Didier

Publication type:

Article

Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity in the USDA Collection of Quinoa Links Genotypic Adaptation to Germplasm Origin.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2022, v. 11, n. 6, p. 738, doi. 10.3390/plants11060738

By:

Hafeez, Muhammad Bilal;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Li, Yuanyuan;
Saddiq, Muhammad Sohail;
Basra, Shahzad M. A.;
Zhang, Hui;
Zahra, Noreen;
Akram, Muhammad Z.;
Bertero, Daniel;
Curti, Ramiro N.

Publication type:

Article

Dissecting Source-Sink Relationship of Subtending Leaf for Yield and Fiber Quality Attributes in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2021, v. 10, n. 6, p. 1147, doi. 10.3390/plants10061147

By:

Mangi, Naimatullah;
Nazir, Mian Faisal;
Wang, Xiaoyan;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Sarfraz, Zareen;
Jatoi, Ghulam Hussain;
Mahmood, Tahir;
Ma, Qifeng;
Shuli, Fan

Publication type:

Article

Impact of Seed Dressing and Soil Application of Potassium Humate on Cotton Plants Productivity and Fiber Quality.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2020, v. 9, n. 11, p. 1444, doi. 10.3390/plants9111444

By:

Ullah, Asmat;
Ali, Muqarrab;
Shahzad, Khurram;
Ahmad, Fiaz;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Rahman, Muhammad Habib Ur;
Ahmad, Shakeel;
Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar;
Danish, Subhan;
Fahad, Shah;
Alkahtani, Jawaher;
Soliman Elshikh, Mohamed;
Datta, Rahul

Publication type:

Article

Incredible Role of Osmotic Adjustment in Grain Yield Sustainability under Water Scarcity Conditions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2020, v. 9, n. 9, p. 1208, doi. 10.3390/plants9091208

By:

Mahmood, Tahir;
Abdullah, Muhammad;
Ahmar, Sunny;
Yasir, Muhammad;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Yasir, Muhmmad;
Ur Rehman, Shoaib;
Ahmed, Sulaiman;
Rana, Rashid Mehmood;
Ghafoor, Abdul;
Nawaz Shah, Muhammad Kausar;
Du, Xiongming;
Mora-Poblete, Freddy

Publication type:

Article

Genomic Insight into Differentiation and Selection Sweeps in the Improvement of Upland Cotton.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2020, v. 9, n. 6, p. 711, doi. 10.3390/plants9060711

By:

Nazir, Mian Faisal;
Jia, Yinhua;
Ahmed, Haris;
He, Shoupu;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Sarfraz, Zareen;
Ali, Mushtaque;
Feng, Chenfan;
Raza, Irum;
Sun, Gaofei;
Pan, Zhaoe;
Du, Xiongming

Publication type:

Article

Burkholderia Phytofirmans PsJN Stimulate Growth and Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress.

Published in:

Plants (2223-7747), 2020, v. 9, n. 6, p. 672, doi. 10.3390/plants9060672

By:

Yang, Aizheng;
Akhtar, Saqib Saleem;
Fu, Qiang;
Naveed, Muhammad;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Roitsch, Thomas;
Jacobsen, Sven-Erik

Publication type:

Article

Error Analysis Based on Isothermal Study Performed for Adsorption of Cr (III) with Hematite Nanosorbent Loaded on Rice Husk Biochar.

Published in:

Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences, 2023, v. 66, n. 3, p. 255

By:

Iqbal, Tunzeel;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Batool, Fozia

Publication type:

Article

Substrate-morphology driven tunable nanoscale artificial synapse.

Published in:

Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021, v. 9, n. 3, p. 1137, doi. 10.1080/21870764.2021.1943156

By:

Iqbal, Shahid;
Kumar, Mohit;
Singh, Ranveer;
Sial, Qadeer Akbar;
Seo, Hyungtak

Publication type:

Article

Association between blooming time and climatic adaptation in Prunus mume.

Published in:

Ecology & Evolution (20457758), 2020, v. 10, n. 1, p. 292, doi. 10.1002/ece3.5894

By:

Shi, Ting;
Luo, Wenjie;
Li, Hantao;
Huang, Xiao;
Ni, Zhaojun;
Gao, Haidong;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Gao, Zhihong

Publication type:

Article

Multi-Proxy Provenance Analyses of the Kingriali and Datta Formations (Triassic–Jurassic Transition): Evidence for Westward Extension of the Neo-Tethys Passive Margin from the Salt Range (Pakistan).

Published in:

Minerals (2075-163X), 2021, v. 11, n. 6, p. 573, doi. 10.3390/min11060573

By:

Iqbal, Shahid;
Wagreich, Michael;
Bibi, Mehwish;
Jan, Irfan U.;
Gier, Susanne

Publication type:

Article

Growth, yield and quality of Saffron in response to different soil textures and temperature regimes.

Published in:

Soil & Environment, 2024, v. 43, n. 2, p. 278, doi. 10.25252/SE/2024/243380

By:

Khaliq, Abdul;
Sarfraz, Muhammad;
Tahir, Majid Mehmood;
Awan, Shahid Iqbal;
Zafar, Mohsin;
Shehzad, Muhammad;
Shaheen, Aqila;
Iqbal, Aamir

Publication type:

Article

Unraveling Heat Tolerance in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Using Univariate and Multivariate Analysis.

Published in:

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, v. 12, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fpls.2021.727835

By:

Zafar, Muhammad Mubashar;
Jia, Xue;
Shakeel, Amir;
Sarfraz, Zareen;
Manan, Abdul;
Imran, Ali;
Mo, Huijuan;
Ali, Arfan;
Youlu, Yuan;
Razzaq, Abdul;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Ren, Maozhi

Publication type:

Article

Genetic Potential and Inheritance Pattern of Phenological Growth and Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.).

Published in:

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, v. 12, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fpls.2021.705392

By:

Mahmood, Tahir;
Wang, Xiukang;
Ahmar, Sunny;
Abdullah, Muhammad;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Rana, Rashid Mehmood;
Yasir, Muhammad;
Khalid, Shiguftah;
Javed, Talha;
Mora-Poblete, Freddy;
Chen, Jen-Tsung;
Shah, Muhammad Kausar Nawaz;
Du, Xiongming

Publication type:

Article

Validation of the General Medication Adherence Scale in Pakistani Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, v. 11, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2020.01039

By:

Naqvi, Atta Abbas;
Hassali, Mohamed Azmi;
Rizvi, Mehwish;
Zehra, Ale;
Nisa, Zeb-un-;
Islam, Md. Ashraful;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Farooqui, Maryam;
Imam, Mohammad Tarique;
Hossain, Mohammad Akbar;
Khan, Irfanullah;
Iqbal, Muhammad Zahid;
Ali, Majid;
Haseeb, Abdul

Publication type:

Article

Patient Satisfaction and Their Willingness to Pay for a Pharmacist Counseling Session in Hospital and Community Pharmacies in Saudi Healthcare Settings.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2020.00138

By:

AlShayban, Dhfer Mahdi;
Naqvi, Atta Abbas;
Islam, Md. Ashraful;
Almaskeen, Mohammed;
Almulla, Ali;
Alali, Muhab;
AlQaroos, Abdullah;
Raafat, Mohamed;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Haseeb, Abdul

Publication type:

Article

Association of Disease Knowledge and Medication Adherence Among Out-Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Published in:

Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, p. 1, doi. 10.3389/fphar.2020.00060

By:

AlShayban, Dhfer Mahdi;
Naqvi, Atta Abbas;
Alhumaid, Othman;
AlQahtani, Ali Saad;
Islam, Md. Ashraful;
Ghori, Syed Azizullah;
Haseeb, Abdul;
Ali, Majid;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Elrggal, Mahmoud E.;
Ishaqui, Azfar Athar;
Mahmoud, Mansour Adam;
Khan, Irfanullah;
Jamshed, Shazia

Publication type:

Article

The effects of nitrogen fertilization strategies on the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids.

Published in:

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2014, v. 101, n. 3, p. 249, doi. 10.13080/z-a.2014.101.032

By:

IQBAL, Shahid;
KHAN, Haroon Zaman;
EHSANULLAH;
ZAMIR, Muhammad Shahid Ibni;
MARRAL, Muhammad Waseem Riaz;
JAVEED, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad

Publication type:

Article

Heavy Metal Enrichment of Soil Irrigated with Paper and Board Mill (PBM) Effluents.

Published in:

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2020, v. 29, n. 6, p. 4463, doi. 10.15244/pjoes/117653

By:

Younas, Umer;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Saeed, Zohaib;
Ibrahim, Saba;
Khurshid, Shazia;
Pervaiz, Muhammad;
Saleem, Asif;
Zaidi, Asma;
Iqbal, Munawar;
Nazir, Arif

Publication type:

Article

Differential growth, morphological characters, and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes grown on salt degraded soil.

Published in:

Crop Science, 2024, v. 64, n. 6, p. 3572, doi. 10.1002/csc2.21373

By:

Gul, Mubbashir;
Ikram, Nabeel Ahmad;
Abbas, Tasawer;
Iqbal, Shahid;
Hussain, Abid;
Mubeen, Khurram;
Ullah, Sami;
Farooq, Naila

Publication type:

Article

Internet of Things in Healthcare Research: Trends, Innovations, Security Considerations, Challenges and Future Strategy.

Published in:

2025

By:

Rehman, Attiq Ur;
Lu, Songfeng;
Bin Heyat, Md Belal;
Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid;
Parveen, Saba;
Bin Hayat, Mohd Ammar;
Akhtar, Faijan;
Ashraf, Muhammad Awais;
Khan, Owais;
Pomary, Dustin;
Sawan, Mohamad;
El Kafhali, Said

Publication type:

Literature Review

THE EFFECTIVNESS OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS DURING DISASTERS.

Published in:

Acta Technica Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, 2015, v. 8, n. 4, p. 39

By:

ALI, Arshad;
IQBAL, Shahid;
AZAM, Masood;
MALIK, Hina Leeza

Publication type:

Article

URBANIZATION AND DISASTER RISK IN PAKISTAN.

Published in:

Acta Technica Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, 2015, v. 8, n. 3, p. 161

By:

ALI, Arshad;
IQBAL, Shahid;
UI AMIN, Noor;
MALIK, Hina Leeza

Publication type:

Article

DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN.

Published in:

Acta Technica Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, 2015, v. 8, n. 2, p. 125

By:

IRSHAD, Muhammad;
ALI, Arshad;
IQBAL, Shahid

Publication type:

Article

ENERGY CRISES IN PAKISTAN VIS-À-VIS DISASTERS.

Published in:

Acta Technica Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering, 2015, v. 8, n. 1, p. 139

By:

ALI, Arshad;
MAITLA, Muhammad Ashfaq;
MURSHID, Makbol Ahmed;
IQBAL, Shahid

Publication type:

Article