Works matching AU Fanelli, Carmine

Results: 77

Effect of Short Term Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Hepatic Steatosis Indexes in Adults with Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes.

Published in:

Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2019, v. 8, n. 6, p. 851, doi. 10.3390/jcm8060851

By:

Reginato, Elisa;
Pippi, Roberto;
Aiello, Cristina;
Sbroma Tomaro, Emilia;
Ranucci, Claudia;
Buratta, Livia;
Bini, Vittorio;
Marchesini, Giulio;
De Feo, Pierpaolo;
Fanelli, Carmine

Publication type:

Article

Nutritional Management of Athletes with Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.

Published in:

Nutrients, 2024, v. 16, n. 6, p. 907, doi. 10.3390/nu16060907

By:

Cavallo, Massimiliano;
De Fano, Michelantonio;
Barana, Luisa;
Dozzani, Ivan;
Bianchini, Eleonora;
Pellegrino, Marialucia;
Cisternino, Linda;
Migliarelli, Sara;
Giulietti, Cecilia;
Pippi, Roberto;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe

Publication type:

Article

Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey and Evaluation for Public Health.

Published in:

2023

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Vandoni, Matteo;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe

Publication type:

Editorial

Unraveling Barriers to a Healthy Lifestyle: Understanding Barriers to Diet and Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases.

Published in:

Nutrients, 2023, v. 15, n. 15, p. 3473, doi. 10.3390/nu15153473

By:

Cavallo, Massimiliano;
Morgana, Giovanni;
Dozzani, Ivan;
Gatti, Alessandro;
Vandoni, Matteo;
Pippi, Roberto;
Pucci, Giacomo;
Vaudo, Gaetano;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe

Publication type:

Article

Short-Term Effects of the Long-Acting Insulin Analog Detemir and Human Insulin on Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Its Binding Proteins in Humans.

Published in:

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2009, v. 94, n. 8, p. 3017, doi. 10.1210/jc.2008-2838

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Rossetti, Paolo;
Candeloro, Paola;
Lucidi, Paola;
Cioli, Patrizia;
Andreoli, Anna Marinelli;
Ghigo, Ezio;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

Article

Underestimation of hypoglycaemia using patients' diaries compared with downloaded glucometer data: an ITAS post hoc analysis.

Published in:

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2022, v. 24, n. 2, p. 327, doi. 10.1111/dom.14560

By:

Buzzetti, Raffaella;
Bonadonna, Riccardo C.;
Giaccari, Andrea;
Perseghin, Gianluca;
Cucinotta, Domenico;
Fanelli, Carmine;
Avogaro, Angelo;
Aimaretti, Gianluca;
Larosa, Monica;
Pacchetti, Ilaria;
Bolli, Geremia B.

Publication type:

Article

Equipotency of insulin glargine 300 and 100 U/mL with intravenous dosing but differential bioavailability with subcutaneous dosing in dogs.

Published in:

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2021, v. 23, n. 1, p. 166, doi. 10.1111/dom.14212

By:

Werner, Ulrich;
Tennagels, Norbert;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Bolli, Geremia B.

Publication type:

Article

Insulin is required for prandial ghrelin suppression in humans.

Published in:

2003

By:

Murdolo, Giuseppe;
Lucidi, Paola;
Di Loreto, Chiara;
Parlanti, Natascia;
De Cicco, Arianna;
Fatone, Cristina;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Santeusanio, Fausto;
De Feo, Pierpaolo

Publication type:

journal article

Counterregulatory hormone and symptom responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the postprandial state in humans.

Published in:

2003

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Pampanelli, Simone;
Rossetti, Paolo;
Cordoni, Cristina;
Marzotti, Stefania;
Scionti, Luciano;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

journal article

Ghrelin is not necessary for adequate hormonal counterregulation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Published in:

2002

By:

Lucidi, Paola;
Murdolo, Giuseppe;
Di Loreto, Chiara;
De Cicco, Arianna;
Parlanti, Natascia;
Fanelli, Carmine;
Santeusanio, Fausto;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
De Feo, Pierpaolo

Publication type:

journal article

Blood-to-brain glucose transport, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cerebral blood flow are not increased after hypoglycemia.

Published in:

2001

By:

Segel, Scott A.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Dence, Carmen S.;
Markham, Joanne;
Videen, Tom O.;
Paramore, Deanna S.];
Powers, William J.;
Cryer, Philip E.;
Segel, S A;
Fanelli, C G;
Dence, C S;
Markham, J;
Videen, T O;
Paramore, D S;
Powers, W J;
Cryer, P E

Publication type:

journal article

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro.

Published in:

2000

By:

Lepore, Mauro;
Fanelli, Carmine;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Bartocci, Linda;
Di Vincenzo, Antonio;
Cordoni, Cristina;
Costa, Emanuela;
Brunetti, Paolo;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Lepore, M;
Pampanelli, S;
Fanelli, C;
Porcellati, F;
Bartocci, L;
Di Vincenzo, A;
Cordoni, C;
Costa, E;
Brunetti, P;
Bolli, G B

Publication type:

journal article

Hypoglycemia per se stimulates sympathetic neural as well as adrenomedullary activity, but, unlike the adrenomedullary response, the forearm sympathetic neural response is not reduced after recent hypoglycemia.

Published in:

1999

By:

Paramore, Deanna S.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Shah, Suresh D.;
Cryer, Philip E.;
Paramore, D S;
Fanelli, C G;
Shah, S D;
Cryer, P E

Publication type:

journal article

Impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.

Published in:

Diabetes, 1998, v. 47, n. 12, p. 1920, doi. 10.2337/diabetes.47.12.1920

By:

Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Paramore, Deanna S.;
Hershey, Tamara;
Terkamp, Christoph;
Ovalle, Fernando;
Craft, Suzanne;
Cryer, Philip E.

Publication type:

Article

Blood-to-brain glucose transport and cerebral glucose metabolism are not reduced in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

Published in:

1998

By:

Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Dence, Carmen S.;
Markham, Joanne;
Videen, Tom O.;
Paramore, Deanna S.;
Cryer, Philip E.;
Powers, William J.;
Fanelli, C G;
Dence, C S;
Markham, J;
Videen, T O;
Paramore, D S;
Cryer, P E;
Powers, W J

Publication type:

journal article

Brief twice-weekly episodes of hypoglycemia reduce detection of clinical hypoglycemia in type...

Published in:

Diabetes, 1998, v. 47, n. 9, p. 1472, doi. 10.2337/diabetes.47.9.1472

By:

Ovalle, Fernando;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Paramore, Deanna S.;
Hershey, Tamara;
Craft, Suzanne;
Cryer, Philip E.

Publication type:

Article

Long-term intensive therapy of IDDM patients with clinically overt autonomic neuropathy: effects on hypoglycemia awareness and counterregulation.

Published in:

1997

By:

Fanelli, Carmine;
Pampanelli, Simone;
Lalli, Carlo;
Sindaco, Paola Del;
Ciofetta, Marco;
Lepore, Mauro;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Bottini, Paolo;
Di Vincenzo, Antonio;
Brunetti, Paolo;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, C;
Pampanelli, S;
Lalli, C;
Del Sindaco, P;
Ciofetta, M;
Lepore, M;
Porcellati, F;
Bottini, P;
Di Vincenzo, A

Publication type:

journal article

Impact of Recent Antecedent Hypoglycemia on Hypoglycemic Cognitive Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Humans.

Published in:

Diabetes, 1996, v. 45, n. 8, p. 1030, doi. 10.2337/diab.45.8.1030

By:

Hvidberg, Annemarie;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Hershey, Tamara;
Terkamp, Christoph;
Craft, Suzanne;
Cryer, Philip E.

Publication type:

Article

Plasma Leptin and Insulin Relationships in Obese and N0nobese Humans.

Published in:

Diabetes, 1996, v. 45, n. 5, p. 695, doi. 10.2337/diab.45.5.695

By:

Dagogo-Jack, Samuel;
Fanelli, Carmine;
Paramore, Deanna;
Brothers, Joy;
Landt, Michael

Publication type:

Article

Effects of recent, short-term hyperglycemia on responses to hypoglycemia in humans. Relevance to the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia unawareness and hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance.

Published in:

1995

By:

Fanelli, Carmine;
Pampanelli, Simone;
Calderone, Stella;
Lepore, Mauro;
Annibale, Bruno;
Compagnucci, Pietro;
Brunetti, Paolo;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, C;
Pampanelli, S;
Calderone, S;
Lepore, M;
Annibale, B;
Compagnucci, P;
Brunetti, P;
Bolli, G B

Publication type:

journal article

Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM.

Published in:

1993

By:

Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Epifano, Lucilla;
Rambotti, Anna Maria;
Pampanelli, Simone;
Di Vincenzo, Antonio;
Modarelli, Francesco;
Lepore, Mauro;
Annibale, Bruno;
Ciofetta, Marco;
Bottini, Paolo;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Scionti, Luciano;
Santeusanio, Fausto;
Brunetti, Paolo;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, C G;
Epifano, L;
Rambotti, A M;
Pampanelli, S;
Di Vincenzo, A

Publication type:

journal article

Mechanisms of arterial hypotension after therapeutic dose of subcutaneous insulin in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Published in:

1993

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Fanelli, Carmine;
Bottini, Paolo;
Epifano, Lucilla;
Rambotti, Anna Maria;
Lalli, Carlo;
Pampanelli, Simone;
Scionti, Luciano;
Santeusanio, Fausto;
Brunetti, Paolo;
Hilsted, Jannik;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Porcellati, F;
Fanelli, C;
Bottini, P;
Epifano, L;
Rambotti, A M;
Lalli, C;
Pampanelli, S;
Scionti, L

Publication type:

journal article

Insulin therapy and hypoglycaemia: the size of the problem.

Published in:

Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews, 2004, v. 20, n. S2, p. S32, doi. 10.1002/dmrr.514

By:

Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Pampanelli, Simone;
Bolli, Geremia B.

Publication type:

Article

Physical activity, sedentary time and motivation to change: an Italian survey.

Published in:

Physical Activity Review, 2024, v. 12, n. 1, p. 161, doi. 10.16926/par.2024.12.15

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Mortati, Andrea;
Fruttini, Daniela;
Pasqualini, Leonella;
Gatti, Alessandro;
Vandoni, Matteo;
Mascherini, Gabriele;
Musumeci, Giuseppe;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe

Publication type:

Article

Are three months multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention enough to get benefits on blood pressure in overweight/obese adults?

Published in:

Physical Activity Review, 2021, v. 9, n. 1, p. 40, doi. 10.16926/par.2021.09.06

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Bini, Vittorio;
Reginato, Elisa;
Aiello, Cristina;
Fanelli, Carmine

Publication type:

Article

Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Acromegaly and Cushing's Disease with Focus on Pasireotide Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Published in:

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome & Obesity: Targets & Therapy, 2024, v. 17, p. 2761, doi. 10.2147/DMSO.S466328

By:

De Fano, Michelantonio;
Falorni, Alberto;
Malara, Massimo;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe

Publication type:

Article

Durable Reversal of Hypoglycemia Unawareness in Type 1 Diabetes.

Published in:

Diabetes Care, 1999, v. 22, n. 5, p. 866, doi. 10.2337/diacare.22.5.866

By:

Dagogo-Jack, Samuel;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Cryer, Philip E.

Publication type:

Article

Nocturnal Blood Glucose Control in Type I Diabetes Mellitus.

Published in:

Diabetes Care, 1993, v. 16, n. 12, p. 71, doi. 10.2337/diacare.16.3.71

By:

BOLLI, GEREMIA B.;
FANELLI, CARMINE G.;
PERRIELLO, GABRIELE;
DE FEO, PlERPAOLO

Publication type:

Article

Is physical activity a necessary element during Italian coronavirus disease emergency? Yes or no debate.

Published in:

Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 2022, v. 17, n. 4, p. 816, doi. 10.14198/jhse.2022.174.09

By:

PIPPI, ROBERTO;
FANELLI, CARMINE GIUSEPPE

Publication type:

Article

"Strength gains in different age groups of overweight/obese adults: A pilot uncontrolled study".

Published in:

Cogent Social Sciences, 2022, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1080/23311886.2022.2106645

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Moretti, Laura;
Carnevali, Claudia;
Tingoli, Luca;
Settequattrini, Antonella;
Fatone, Cristina;
Perrone, Chiara;
Reginato, Elisa;
De Feo, Pierpaolo;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

Article

Glucagon as a Therapeutic Approach to Severe Hypoglycemia: After 100 Years, Is It Still the Antidote of Insulin?

Published in:

Biomolecules (2218-273X), 2021, v. 11, n. 9, p. 1281, doi. 10.3390/biom11091281

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Di Mauro, Stefania;
Mazzieri, Alessio;
Scamporrino, Alessandra;
Filippello, Agnese;
De Fano, Michelantonio;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe;
Purrello, Francesco;
Malaguarnera, Roberta;
Piro, Salvatore

Publication type:

Article

Sulphonylureas and pregnancy.

Published in:

European Journal of Endocrinology, 1998, v. 138, n. 6, p. 615, doi. 10.1530/eje.0.1380615

By:

Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Bolli, Geremia B.

Publication type:

Article

The Modern Role of Basal Insulin in Advancing Therapy in People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Published in:

Diabetes Care, 2025, v. 48, n. 5, p. 671, doi. 10.2337/dci24-0104

By:

Bolli, Geremia B.;
Home, Philip D.;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Riddle, Matthew C.;
Gerstein, Hertzel C.;
Lucidi, Paola;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Owens, David R.

Publication type:

Article

Estimating Plasma Glucose from Interstitial Glucose: The Issue of Calibration Algorithms in Commercial Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices.

Published in:

Sensors (14248220), 2010, v. 10, n. 12, p. 10936, doi. 10.3390/s101210936

By:

Rossetti, Paolo;
Bondia, Jorge;
Vehí, Josep;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

Article

Effects of a Mixed Exercise Program on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Pilot, Uncontrolled Study.

Published in:

International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2022, v. 19, n. 15, p. 9258, doi. 10.3390/ijerph19159258

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Mascherini, Gabriele;
Izzicupo, Pascal;
Bini, Vittorio;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe

Publication type:

Article

Physical Activity Habits and Well-Being among 6-Year-Old Children: The "Improving Umbrian Kids' Healthy Lifestyle", an Uncontrolled Pilot Study Project.

Published in:

International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2020, v. 17, n. 17, p. 6067, doi. 10.3390/ijerph17176067

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Buratta, Livia;
Germani, Alessandro;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe;
Mazzeschi, Claudia

Publication type:

Article

Comparable efficacy with similarly low risk of hypoglycaemia in patient‐ vs physician‐managed basal insulin initiation and titration in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetic subjects: The Italian Titration Approach Study.

Published in:

Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews, 2020, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/dmrr.3304

By:

Bonadonna, Riccardo C.;
Giaccari, Andrea;
Buzzetti, Raffaella;
Perseghin, Gianluca;
Cucinotta, Domenico;
Avogaro, Angelo;
Aimaretti, Gianluca;
Larosa, Monica;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Bolli, Geremia B.

Publication type:

Article

Comparable efficacy with similarly low risk of hypoglycaemia in patient- vs physician-managed basal insulin initiation and titration in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetic subjects: The Italian Titration Approach Study.

Published in:

2020

By:

Bonadonna, Riccardo C;
Giaccari, Andrea;
Buzzetti, Raffaella;
Perseghin, Gianluca;
Cucinotta, Domenico;
Avogaro, Angelo;
Aimaretti, Gianluca;
Larosa, Monica;
Fanelli, Carmine G;
Bolli, Geremia B

Publication type:

journal article

Impact of BMI, Physical Activity, and Sitting Time Levels on Health-Related Outcomes in a Group of Overweight and Obese Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes.

Published in:

Journal of Functional Morphology & Kinesiology, 2022, v. 7, n. 1, p. 12, doi. 10.3390/jfmk7010012

By:

Pippi, Roberto;
Cugusi, Lucia;
Bergamin, Marco;
Bini, Vittorio;
Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe;
Bullo, Valentina;
Gobbo, Stefano;
Di Blasio, Andrea

Publication type:

Article

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA): The Difference Between a Honeymoon and a Holiday.

Published in:

2022

By:

Marcon, Livia M. R.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Calafiore, Riccardo

Publication type:

Case Study

Comment on Herring et al. Metabolic Effects of an SGLT2 Inhibitor (Dapagliflozin) During a Period of Acute Insulin Withdrawal and Development of Ketoacidosis in People With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2128-2136.

Published in:

2021

By:

Bolli, Geremia B.;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Lucidi, Paola;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

Letter

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Head-to-Head Comparison of Clinical, Equivalent Doses of Insulin Glargine 300 units · mL<sup>-1</sup> and Insulin Degludec 100 units · mL<sup>-1</sup> in Type 1 Diabetes.

Published in:

2021

By:

Lucidi, Paola;
Candeloro, Paola;
Cioli, Patrizia;
Marinelli Andreoli, Anna;
Pascucci, Chiara;
Gambelunghe, Angela;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Porcellati, Francesca

Publication type:

journal article

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Modulation of Hepatic Glucose Production With Insulin Glargine U300 and Glargine U100 at Steady State With Individualized Clinical Doses in Type 1 Diabetes.

Published in:

2019

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Lucidi, Paola;
Candeloro, Paola;
Cioli, Patrizia;
Andreoli, Anna Marinelli;
Curti, Gianluca;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Marinelli Andreoli, Anna

Publication type:

journal article

How to Accurately Establish Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Long-Acting Insulins in Humans: Relevance to Biosimilar Insulins.

Published in:

2015

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Lucidi, Paola;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

journal article

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of NPH Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes: The Importance of Appropriate Resuspension Before Subcutaneous Injection.

Published in:

2015

By:

Lucidi, Paola;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Andreoli, Anna Marinelli;
Carriero, Ilaria;
Candeloro, Paola;
Cioli, Patrizia;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.;
Marinelli Andreoli, Anna

Publication type:

journal article

Low Levels of Unmodified Insulin Glargine in Plasma of People With Type 2 Diabetes Requiring High Doses of Basal Insulin.

Published in:

Diabetes Care, 2015, v. 38, n. 7, p. e96, doi. 10.2337/dc14-2662

By:

Lucidi, Paola;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Yki-Järvinen, Hannele;
Riddle, Matthew C.;
Candeloro, Paola;
Andreoli, Anna Marinelli;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

Article

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Glargine Given in the Evening as Compared With in the Morning in Type 2 Diabetes.

Published in:

Diabetes Care, 2015, v. 38, n. 3, p. 503, doi. 10.2337/dc14-0649

By:

Porcellati, Francesca;
Lucidi, Paola;
Cioli, Patrizia;
Candeloro, Paola;
Marinelli Andreoli, Anna;
Marzotti, Stefania;
Ambrogi, Maura;
Bolli, Geremia B.;
Fanelli, Carmine G.

Publication type:

Article

Thirty Years of Research on the Dawn Phenomenon: Lessons to Optimize Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes.

Published in:

2013

By:

PORCELLATI, FRANCESCA;
LUCIDI, PAOLA;
BOLLI, GEREMIA B.;
FANELLI, CARMINE G.

Publication type:

Opinion

Metabolism of Insulin Glargine After Repeated Daily Subcutaneous Injections in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.

Published in:

Diabetes Care, 2012, v. 35, n. 12, p. 2647, doi. 10.2337/dc12-0271

By:

LUCIDI, PAOLA;
CIOLI, PATRIZIA;
PORCELLATI, FRANCESCA;
HAHN, ANNKE;
ROSSETTI, PAOLO;
SCHMIDT, RONALD;
CANDELORO, PAOLA;
BOLLI, GEREMIA B.;
MARINELLI ANDREOLI, ANNA;
FANELLI, CARMINE G.

Publication type:

Article

Differential effects of adiposity on pharmacodynamics of basal insulins NPH, glargine, and detemir in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Published in:

2011

By:

Porcellati F;
Lucidi P;
Rossetti P;
Candeloro P;
Marinelli Andreoli A;
Marzotti S;
Cioli P;
Bolli GB;
Fanelli CG;
Porcellati, Francesca;
Lucidi, Paola;
Rossetti, Paolo;
Candeloro, Paola;
Andreoli, Anna Marinelli;
Marzotti, Stefania;
Cioli, Patrizia;
Bolli, Geremia B;
Fanelli, Carmine G

Publication type:

journal article