Works by Büntgen, Ulf

Results: 186

Growth characteristics and drought vulnerability of southwest German spruce and pine.

Published in:

European Journal of Forest Research, 2025, v. 144, n. 3, p. 393, doi. 10.1007/s10342-025-01765-6

By:

Römer, Philipp;
del Castillo, Edurne Martínez;
Reinig, Frederick;
Torbenson, Max C. A.;
Konter, Oliver;
Klippel, Lara;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

Smoking guns and volcanic ash: the importance of sparse tephras in Greenland ice cores .

Published in:

Polar Research, 2020, v. 39, p. 1, doi. 10.33265/polar.v39.3511

By:

Plunkett, Gill;
Sigl, Michael;
Pilcher, Jonathan R.;
McConnell, Joseph R.;
Chellman, Nathan;
Steffensen, J. P.;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

A 1052-year tree-ring proxy for Alpine summer temperatures.

Published in:

Climate Dynamics, 2005, v. 25, n. 2/3, p. 141, doi. 10.1007/s00382-005-0028-1

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Esper, Jan;
Frank, David C.;
Nicolussi, Kurt;
Schmidhalter, Martin

Publication type:

Article

A horizon scan of issues affecting UK forest management within 50 years.

Published in:

Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 2024, v. 97, n. 3, p. 349, doi. 10.1093/forestry/cpad047

By:

Tew, Eleanor R;
Ambrose-Oji, Bianca;
Beatty, Malcolm;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Butterworth, Holly;
Clover, Gerard;
Cook, Dan;
Dauksta, Dainis;
Day, William;
Deakin, John;
Field, Alison;
Gardiner, Barry;
Harrop, Paddy;
Healey, John R;
Heaton, Rebecca;
Hemery, Gabriel;
Hill, Louise;
Hughes, Oliver;
Khaira-Creswell, P K;
Kirby, Keith

Publication type:

Article

Subfossil trees suggest enhanced Mediterranean hydroclimate variability at the onset of the Younger Dryas.

Published in:

Scientific Reports, 2018, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1038/s41598-018-32251-2

By:

Pauly, Maren;
Helle, Gerhard;
Miramont, Cécile;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Treydte, Kerstin;
Reinig, Frederick;
Guibal, Frédéric;
Sivan, Olivier;
Heinrich, Ingo;
Riedel, Frank;
Kromer, Bernd;
Balanzategui, Daniel;
Wacker, Lukas;
Sookdeo, Adam;
Brauer, Achim

Publication type:

Article

Extraterrestrial confirmation of tree-ring dating.

Published in:

Nature Climate Change, 2014, v. 4, n. 6, p. 404, doi. 10.1038/nclimate2240

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Wacker, Lukas;
Nicolussi, Kurt;
Sigl, Michael;
Güttler, Dominik;
Tegel, Willy;
Krusic, Paul J.;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

Is there memory in precipitation?

Published in:

Nature Climate Change, 2013, v. 3, n. 3, p. 174, doi. 10.1038/nclimate1830

By:

Bunde, Armin;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Ludescher, Josef;
Luterbacher, Jürg;
von Storch, Hans

Publication type:

Article

Hidden fairy rings and males—Genetic patterns of natural Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) populations reveal new insights into its life cycle.

Published in:

Environmental Microbiology, 2022, v. 24, n. 12, p. 6376, doi. 10.1111/1462-2920.16131

By:

Staubli, Florian;
Imola, Lea;
Dauphin, Benjamin;
Molinier, Virginie;
Pfister, Stephanie;
Piñuela, Yasmine;
Schürz, Laura;
Sproll, Ludger;
Steidinger, Brian S.;
Stobbe, Uli;
Tegel, Willy;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Egli, Simon;
Peter, Martina

Publication type:

Article

MULTI-PROXY TREE-RING DATING DURING THE YOUNGER DRYAS.

Published in:

Tree-Ring Research, 2025, v. 81, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.3959/TRR2023-1

By:

REINIG, FREDERICK;
SOOKDEO, ADAM;
ESPER, JAN;
TREYDTE, KERSTIN;
WACKER, LUKAS;
GUIDOBALDI, GIULIA;
NIEVERGELT, DANIEL;
SAURER, MATTHIAS;
FRIEDRICH, MICHAEL;
HELLE, GERHARD;
KROMER, BERND;
PAULY, MAREN;
TEGEL, WILLY;
VERSTEGE, ANNE;
BÜNTGEN, ULF

Publication type:

Article

Horn growth variation and hunting selection of the Alpine ibex.

Published in:

Journal of Animal Ecology, 2018, v. 87, n. 4, p. 1069, doi. 10.1111/1365-2656.12839

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Galván, Juan D.;
Mysterud, Atle;
Krusic, Paul J.;
Hülsmann, Lisa;
Jenny, Hannes;
Senn, Josef;
Bollmann, Kurt

Publication type:

Article

Tree‐Ring Stable Isotopes Reveal a Hydroclimate Shift in Eastern England Around 4.2 ka Ago.

Published in:

Geophysical Research Letters, 2025, v. 52, n. 7, p. 1, doi. 10.1029/2024GL114313

By:

Bebchuk, Tatiana;
Urban, Otmar;
Arosio, Tito;
Kirdyanov, Alexander;
Friedrich, Ronny;
Pernicová, Natálie;
Čáslavský, Josef;
Trnka, Mirek;
Franсis, Alis;
Macklin, Mark;
Esper, Jan;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Anthropogenic Aerosols Cause Recent Pronounced Weakening of Asian Summer Monsoon Relative to Last Four Centuries.

Published in:

Geophysical Research Letters, 2019, v. 46, n. 10, p. 5469, doi. 10.1029/2019GL082497

By:

Liu, Yu;
Cai, Wenju;
Sun, Changfeng;
Song, Huiming;
Cobb, Kim M.;
Li, Jianping;
Leavitt, Steven W.;
Wu, Lixin;
Cai, Qiufang;
Liu, Ruoshi;
Ng, Benjamin;
Cherubini, Paolo;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Song, Yi;
Wang, Guojian;
Lei, Ying;
Yan, Libin;
Li, Qiang;
Ma, Yongyong;
Fang, Congxi

Publication type:

Article

Revising midlatitude summer temperatures back to A.D. 600 based on a wood density network.

Published in:

Geophysical Research Letters, 2015, v. 42, n. 11, p. 4556, doi. 10.1002/2015GL063956

By:

Schneider, Lea;
Smerdon, Jason E.;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Wilson, Rob J. S.;
Myglan, Vladimir S.;
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

Swiss tree rings reveal warm and wet summers during medieval times.

Published in:

Geophysical Research Letters, 2014, v. 41, n. 5, p. 1732, doi. 10.1002/2013GL059081

By:

Kress, Anne;
Hangartner, Sarah;
Bugmann, Harald;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Frank, David C.;
Leuenberger, Markus;
Siegwolf, Rolf T.W.;
Saurer, Matthias

Publication type:

Article

Truffles on the move.

Published in:

Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment, 2019, v. 17, n. 4, p. 200, doi. 10.1002/fee.2033

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Peter, Martina;
Egli, Simon;
Lendorff, Helm;
Lendorff, Andreas;
Leuchtmann, Adrian;
Bagi, Istvan

Publication type:

Article

Placing unprecedented recent fir growth in a European-wide and Holocene-long context.

Published in:

Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment, 2014, v. 12, n. 2, p. 100, doi. 10.1890/130089

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Tegel, Willy;
Kaplan, Jed O;
Schaub, Marcus;
Hagedorn, Frank;
Bürgi, Matthias;
Brázdil, Rudolf;
Helle, Gerhard;
Carrer, Marco;
Heussner, Karl-Uwe;
Hofmann, Jutta;
Kontic, Raymond;
Kyncl, Tomáš;
Kyncl, Josef;
Camarero, J Julio;
Tinner, Willy;
Esper, Jan;
Liebhold, Andrew

Publication type:

Article

Illuminating the mysterious world of truffles.

Published in:

2012

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Egli, Simon;
Tegel, Willy;
Stobbe, Ulrich;
Sproll, Ludger;
Elburg, Rengert;
Peter, Martina;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Cherubini, Paolo;
Stenseth, Nils C.

Publication type:

Letter

Linking climate variability to mushroom productivity and phenology.

Published in:

Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment, 2012, v. 10, n. 1, p. 14, doi. 10.1890/110064

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Kauserud, Håvard;
Egli, Simon

Publication type:

Article

Truffles and climate change.

Published in:

Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment, 2011, v. 9, n. 3, p. 150, doi. 10.1890/11.WB.004

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Tegel, Willy;
Egli, Simon;
Stobbe, Ulrich;
Sproll, Ludger;
Stenseth, Nils C.

Publication type:

Article

Braided motivations for Iceland’s first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption.

Published in:

Regional Environmental Change, 2024, v. 24, n. 2, p. 1, doi. 10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Eggertsson, Olafur;
Oppenheimer, Clive

Publication type:

Article

An empirical perspective for understanding climate change impacts in Switzerland.

Published in:

Regional Environmental Change, 2018, v. 18, n. 1, p. 205, doi. 10.1007/s10113-017-1182-9

By:

Henne, Paul D.;
Bigalke, Moritz;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Colombaroli, Daniele;
Conedera, Marco;
Feller, Urs;
Frank, David;
Fuhrer, Jürg;
Grosjean, Martin;
Heiri, Oliver;
Luterbacher, Jürg;
Mestrot, Adrien;
Rigling, Andreas;
Rössler, Ole;
Rohr, Christian;
Rutishauser, This;
Schwikowski, Margit;
Stampfli, Andreas;
Szidat, Sönke;
Theurillat, Jean-Paul

Publication type:

Article

Pre‐instrumental summer precipitation variability in northwestern Greece from a high‐elevation Pinus heldreichii network.

Published in:

International Journal of Climatology, 2021, v. 41, n. 4, p. 2828, doi. 10.1002/joc.6992

By:

Esper, Jan;
Konter, Oliver;
Klippel, Lara;
Krusic, Paul J.;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Increased El Niño–Southern Oscillation sensitivity of tree growth on the southern Tibetan Plateau since the 1970s.

Published in:

International Journal of Climatology, 2019, v. 39, n. 8, p. 3465, doi. 10.1002/joc.6032

By:

Cheng, Xuehan;
Lyu, Lixin;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Cherubini, Paolo;
Qiu, Hongyan;
Zhang, Qi‐Bin

Publication type:

Article

Mediterranean winter snowfall variability over the past millennium.

Published in:

International Journal of Climatology, 2019, v. 39, n. 1, p. 384, doi. 10.1002/joc.5814

By:

Diodato, Nazzareno;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Bellocchi, Gianni

Publication type:

Article

Early Neolithic Water Wells Reveal the World's Oldest Wood Architecture.

Published in:

PLoS ONE, 2012, v. 7, n. 12, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0051374

By:

Tegel, Willy;
Elburg, Rengert;
Hakelberg, Dietrich;
Stäuble, Harald;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Causes and Consequences of Past and Projected Scandinavian Summer Temperatures, 500-2100 AD.

Published in:

PLoS ONE, 2011, v. 6, n. 9, p. 1, doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0025133

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Raible, Christoph C.;
Frank, David;
Helama, Samuli;
Cunningham, Laura;
Hofer, Dominik;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Verstege, Anne;
Timonen, Mauri;
Stenseth, Nils Chr.;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

Northern European summer temperature variations over the Common Era from integrated tree-ring density records.

Published in:

Journal of Quaternary Science, 2014, v. 29, n. 5, p. 487, doi. 10.1002/jqs.2726

By:

ESPER, JAN;
DÜTHORN, ELISABETH;
KRUSIC, PAUL J.;
TIMONEN, MAURI;
BÜNTGEN, ULF

Publication type:

Article

A millennium-long perspective on high-elevation pine recruitment in the Spanish central Pyrenees.

Published in:

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2018, v. 48, n. 9, p. 1108, doi. 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0025

By:

Sangüesa-Barreda, Gabriel;
Camarero, J. Julio;
Esper, Jan;
Galván, J. Diego;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Illuminating Intcal During the Younger Dryas.

Published in:

Radiocarbon, 2020, v. 62, n. 4, p. 883, doi. 10.1017/RDC.2020.15

By:

Reinig, Frederick;
Sookdeo, Adam;
Esper, Jan;
Friedrich, Michael;
Guidobaldi, Giulia;
Helle, Gerhard;
Kromer, Bernd;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Pauly, Maren;
Tegel, Willy;
Treydte, Kerstin;
Wacker, Lukas;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Reimer, Paula J.

Publication type:

Article

Quality Dating: A Well-Defined Protocol Implemented at ETH for High-Precision 14C-Dates Tested on Late Glacial Wood.

Published in:

Radiocarbon, 2020, v. 62, n. 4, p. 891, doi. 10.1017/RDC.2019.132

By:

Sookdeo, Adam;
Kromer, Bernd;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Friedrich, Michael;
Friedrich, Ronny;
Helle, Gerhard;
Pauly, Maren;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Reinig, Frederick;
Treydte, Kerstin;
Synal, Hans-Arno;
Wacker, Lukas;
Reimer, Paula J.

Publication type:

Article

Decadally Resolved Lateglacial Radiocarbon Evidence from New Zealand Kauri.

Published in:

Radiocarbon, 2016, v. 58, n. 4, p. 709, doi. 10.1017/RDC.2016.86

By:

Hogg, Alan;
Southon, John;
Turney, Chris;
Palmer, Jonathan;
Ramsey, Christopher Bronk;
Fenwick, Pavla;
Boswijk, Gretel;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Friedrich, Michael;
Helle, Gerhard;
Hughen, Konrad;
Jones, Richard;
Kromer, Bernd;
Noronha, Alexandra;
Reinig, Frederick;
Reynard, Linda;
Staff, Richard;
Wacker, Lukas

Publication type:

Article

Modeling the epidemiological history of plague in Central Asia: Palaeoclimatic forcing on a disease system over the past millennium.

Published in:

BMC Biology, 2010, v. 8, p. 112, doi. 10.1186/1741-7007-8-112

By:

Kausrud, Kyrre Linné;
Begon, Mike;
Ari, Tamara Ben;
Viljugrein, Hildegunn;
Esper, Jan;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Leirs, Herwig;
Claudia Junge;
Bao Yang;
Meixue Yang;
Lei Xu;
Stenseth, Nils Chr

Publication type:

Article

Differing pre-industrial cooling trends between tree-rings and lower-resolution temperature proxies.

Published in:

Climate of the Past Discussions, 2019, p. 1, doi. 10.5194/cp-2019-41

By:

Klippel, Lara;
St. George, Scott;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Krusic, Paul J.;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

A 500-year multi-proxy drought reconstruction for the Czech Lands.

Published in:

Climate of the Past Discussions, 2018, p. 1, doi. 10.5194/cp-2018-160

By:

Dobrovolný, Petr;
Brázdil, Rudolf;
Trnka, Miroslav;
Rybníček, Michal;
Kolář, Tomáš;
Možný, Martin;
Kyncl, Tomáš;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

The early Spörer Minimum - a period of extraordinary climate and socio-economic changes in Western and Central Europe.

Published in:

Climate of the Past Discussions, 2016, v. 12, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.5194/cp-2016-7

By:

Camenisch, Chantal;
Keller, Kathrin M.;
Salvisberg, Melanie;
Amann, Benjamin;
Bauch, Martin;
Blumer, Sandro;
Brázdil, Rudolf;
Brönnimann, Stefan;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Campbell, Bruce M. S.;
Fernández-Donado, Laura;
Fleitmann, Dominik;
Glaser, Rüdiger;
González-Rouco, Fidel;
Grosjean, Martin;
Hoffmann, Richard C.;
Huhtamaa, Heli;
Joos, Fortunat;
Kiss, Andrea;
Kotyza, Oldřich

Publication type:

Article

Differing pre-industrial cooling trends between tree rings and lower-resolution temperature proxies.

Published in:

Climate of the Past, 2020, v. 16, n. 2, p. 729, doi. 10.5194/cp-16-729-2020

By:

Klippel, Lara;
St. George, Scott;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Krusic, Paul J.;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions.

Published in:

Climate of the Past, 2019, v. 15, n. 2, p. 685, doi. 10.5194/cp-15-685-2019

By:

Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.;
Fonti, Marina V.;
Saurer, Matthias;
Guillet, Sébastien;
Corona, Christophe;
Fonti, Patrick;
Myglan, Vladimir S.;
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.;
Naumova, Oksana V.;
Ovchinnikov, Dmitriy V.;
Shashkin, Alexander V.;
Panyushkina, Irina P.;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Hughes, Malcolm K.;
Vaganov, Eugene A.;
Siegwolf, Rolf T. W.;
Stoffel, Markus

Publication type:

Article

Temperature-induced germination pulses above the alpine tree line.

Published in:

Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research, 2024, v. 56, n. 1, p. 1, doi. 10.1080/15230430.2024.2362447

By:

Palosse, Audrey;
Piermattei, Alma;
Esper, Jan;
Reinig, Frederick;
Verstege, Anne;
Torbenson, Max;
Trnka, Mirek;
Arosio, Tito;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Xylem Anatomical Trait Variability Provides Insight on the Climate-Growth Relationship of Betula nana in Western Greenland.

Published in:

Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research, 2017, v. 49, n. 3, p. 359, doi. 10.1657/AAAR0016-041

By:

Nielsen, Sigrid S.;
Arx, Georg von;
Damgaard, Christian F.;
Abermann, Jakob;
Buchwal, Agata;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Treier, Urs A.;
Barfod, Anders S.;
Normand, Signe

Publication type:

Article

Timber Logging in Central Siberia is the Main Source for Recent Arctic Driftwood.

Published in:

Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research, 2015, v. 47, n. 3, p. 449, doi. 10.1657/AAAR0014-063

By:

Hellmann, Lena;
Tegel, Willy;
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.;
Eggertsson, Ólafur;
Esper, Jan;
Agafonov, Leonid;
Nikolaev, Anatoly N.;
Knorre, Anastasia A.;
Myglan, Vladimir S.;
Churakova (Sidorova), Olga;
Schweingruber, Fritz H.;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Verstege, Anne;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Effects of post-glacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir.

Published in:

Journal of Ecology, 2016, v. 104, n. 3, p. 716, doi. 10.1111/1365-2745.12561

By:

Bosela, Michal;
Popa, Ionel;
Gömöry, Dušan;
Longauer, Roman;
Tobin, Brian;
Kyncl, Josef;
Kyncl, Tomas;
Nechita, Constantin;
Petráš, Rudolf;
Sidor, Cristian Gheorghe;
Šebeň, Vladimír;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Shefferson, Richard

Publication type:

Article

Temperature-induced recruitment pulses of Arctic dwarf shrub communities.

Published in:

Journal of Ecology, 2015, v. 103, n. 2, p. 489, doi. 10.1111/1365-2745.12361

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Hellmann, Lena;
Tegel, Willy;
Normand, Signe;
Myers‐Smith, Isla;
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Schweingruber, Fritz H.;
Lee, John

Publication type:

Article

Tracing the origin of Arctic driftwood.

Published in:

Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences, 2013, v. 118, n. 1, p. 68, doi. 10.1002/jgrg.20022

By:

Hellmann, Lena;
Tegel, Willy;
Eggertsson, Ólafur;
Schweingruber, Fritz Hans;
Blanchette, Robert;
Kirdyanov, Alexander;
Gärtner, Holger;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article

Extending the climatological concept of 'Detection and Attribution' to global change ecology in the Anthropocene.

Published in:

Functional Ecology, 2020, v. 34, n. 11, p. 2270, doi. 10.1111/1365-2435.13647

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
González‐Rouco, J. Fidel;
Luterbacher, Jürg;
Stenseth, Nils Christian;
Johnson, Derek M.;
Diamond, Sarah

Publication type:

Article

Using machine learning on tree‐ring data to determine the geographical provenance of historical construction timbers.

Published in:

Ecosphere, 2023, v. 14, n. 3, p. 1, doi. 10.1002/ecs2.4453

By:

Kuhl, Eileen;
Zang, Christian;
Esper, Jan;
Riechelmann, Dana F. C.;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Briesch, Martin;
Reinig, Frederick;
Römer, Philipp;
Konter, Oliver;
Schmidhalter, Martin;
Hartl, Claudia

Publication type:

Article

Summer Temperature Variations in the European Alps, a.d. 755–2004.

Published in:

Journal of Climate, 2006, v. 19, n. 21, p. 5606, doi. 10.1175/JCLI3917.1

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Frank, David C.;
Nievergelt, Daniel;
Esper, Jan

Publication type:

Article

Cruising an archive: On the palaeoclimatic value of the Lena Delta.

Published in:

Holocene, 2014, v. 24, n. 5, p. 627, doi. 10.1177/0959683614523805

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Kirdyanov, Alexander V;
Hellmann, Lena;
Nikolaev, Anatoly N;
Tegel, Willy

Publication type:

Article

Tree-ring hydrological research in the Himalaya: State of the art and future directions.

Published in:

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth & Environment, 2024, v. 48, n. 3, p. 454, doi. 10.1177/03091333241229919

By:

Islam, Nazimul;
Vennemann, Torsten;
Büntgen, Ulf;
Cherubini, Paolo;
Lane, Stuart N

Publication type:

Article

Digitizing Historical Plague.

Published in:

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2012, v. 55, n. 11, p. 1586, doi. 10.1093/cid/cis723

By:

Büntgen, Ulf;
Ginzler, Christian;
Esper, Jan;
Tegel, Willy;
McMichael, Anthony J.

Publication type:

Article

Droughts and conflicts during the late Roman period.

Published in:

Climatic Change, 2025, v. 178, n. 5, p. 1, doi. 10.1007/s10584-025-03925-4

By:

Norman, Charles;
Schwinden, Lothar;
Krusic, Paul;
Rzepecki, Andreas;
Bebchuk, Tatiana;
Büntgen, Ulf

Publication type:

Article