A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Mitochondrial Ca² Measurement with FURA-2-FF in Single Permeabilized Ventricular Myocytes of Rat.

Jeong Hoon Lee; Jeong Mi Ha; Chae Hun Leem

Fura-2 analogs are ratiometric fluoroprobes that are widely used for the quantitative measurement of [Ca2 ]. However, the dye usage is intrinsically limited, as the dyes require ultraviolet (UV) excitation, which can also generate great interference, mainly from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) autofluorescence. Specifically, this limitation causes serious problems for the quantitative measurement of mitochondrial [Ca2 ], as no available ratiometric dyes are excited in the visible range. Thus, NADH interference cannot be avoided during quantitative measurement of [Ca2 ] because the majority of NADH is located in the mitochondria. The emission intensity ratio of two different excitation wavelengths must be constant when the fluorescent dye concentration is the same. In accordance with this principle, we developed a novel online method that corrected NADH and Fura-2-FF interference. We simultaneously measured multiple parameters, including NADH, [Ca2 ], and pH/mitochondrial membrane potential; Fura-2-FF for mitochondrial [Ca2 ] and TMRE for Ψm or carboxy-SNARF-1 for pH were used. With this novel method, we found that the resting mitochondrial [Ca2 ] concentration was 1.03 μM. This 1 μM cytosolic Ca2 could theoretically increase to more than 100 mM in mitochondria. However, the mitochondrial [Ca2 ] increase was limited to ~30 μM in the presence of 1 μM cytosolic Ca2 . Our method solved the problem of NADH signal contamination during the use of Fura-2 analogs, and therefore the method may be useful when NADH interference is expected.

NICOTINAMIDE; BIOFLUORESCENCE; MITOCHONDRIA; NAD (Coenzyme); FLUORESCENT dyes

Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 2015, Vol 19, Issue 4, p373

1226-4512

Academic Journal

10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.4.373