Nanocellulose-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications: A Review.

Norizan, Mohd Nurazzi; Shazleen, Siti Shazra; Alias, Aisyah Humaira; Sabaruddin, Fatimah Atiyah; Asyraf, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad; Zainudin, Edi Syams; Abdullah, Norli; Samsudin, Mohd Saiful; Kamarudin, Siti Hasnah; Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz

Nanocellulose has emerged in recent years as one of the most notable green materials available due to its numerous appealing factors, including its non-toxic nature, biodegradability, high aspect ratio, superior mechanical capabilities, remarkable optical properties, anisotropic shape, high mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and tailorable surface chemistry. It is proving to be a promising material in a range of applications pertinent to the material engineering to biomedical applications. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations. This review presents an overview of general concepts in nanocellulose-based nanocomposites for sustainable applications. Beginning with a brief introduction of cellulose, nanocellulose sources, structural characteristics and the extraction process for those new to the area, we go on to more in-depth content. Following that, the research on techniques used to modify the surface properties of nanocellulose by functionalizing surface hydroxyl groups to impart desirable hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, as well as their characteristics and functionalization strategies, were explained. The usage of nanocellulose in nanocomposites in versatile fields, as well as novel and foreseen markets of nanocellulose products, are also discussed. Finally, the difficulties, challenges and prospects of materials based on nanocellulose are then discussed in the last section for readers searching for future high-end eco-friendly functional materials.

NANOCOMPOSITE materials; CELLULOSE nanocrystals; BIOMEDICAL materials; HYDROXYL group; SURFACE properties; SURFACE chemistry

Nanomaterials (2079-4991), 2022, Vol 12, Issue 19, p3483

2079-4991

Academic Journal

10.3390/nano12193483