The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative, hemodynamic, and analgesic effects of local lidocaine infiltration, or intravenous (IV) fentanyl injection, or a combination of lidocaine and IV fentanyl during head fixation in a 3-pin headrest in patients undergoing elective craniotomy.
Publication
Clinical medicine & research, 2011, Vol 9, Issue 2, p82