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- Title
The musculoskeletal effects of cigarette smoking.
- Authors
Lee, John J; Patel, Rakesh; Biermann, J Sybil; Dougherty, Paul J
- Abstract
➤ Cigarette smoking decreases bone mineral density and increases the risk of sustaining a fracture or tendon injury, with partial reversibility of these risks with long-term cessation of smoking. ➤ Cigarette smoking increases the risk for perioperative complications, nonunion and delayed union of fractures, infection, and soft-tissue and wound-healing complications. ➤ Brief preoperative cessation of smoking may mitigate these perioperative risks. ➤ Informed-consent discussions should include notification of the higher risk of perioperative complications with cigarette smoking and the benefits of temporary cessation of smoking.
- Publication
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2013, Vol 95, Issue 9, p850
- ISSN
1535-1386
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.2106/JBJS.L.00375