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- Title
Transmitted/founder and chronic subtype C HIV-1 use CD4 and CCR5 receptors with equal efficiency and are not inhibited by blocking the integrin α4β7.
- Authors
Parrish, Nicholas F; Wilen, Craig B; Banks, Lauren B; Iyer, Shilpa S; Pfaff, Jennifer M; Salazar-Gonzalez, Jesus F; Salazar, Maria G; Decker, Julie M; Parrish, Erica H; Berg, Anna; Hopper, Jennifer; Hora, Bhavna; Kumar, Amit; Mahlokozera, Tatenda; Yuan, Sally; Coleman, Charl; Vermeulen, Marion; Ding, Haitao; Ochsenbauer, Christina; Tilton, John C; Permar, Sallie R; Kappes, John C; Betts, Michael R; Busch, Michael P; Gao, Feng; Montefiori, David; Haynes, Barton F; Shaw, George M; Hahn, Beatrice H; Doms, Robert W
- Abstract
Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) most often results from productive infection by a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, indicating a stringent mucosal bottleneck. Understanding the viral traits that overcome this bottleneck could have important implications for HIV-1 vaccine design and other prevention strategies. Most T/F viruses use CCR5 to infect target cells and some encode envelope glycoproteins (Envs) that contain fewer potential N-linked glycosylation sites and shorter V1/V2 variable loops than Envs from chronic viruses. Moreover, it has been reported that the gp120 subunits of certain transmitted Envs bind to the gut-homing integrin α4β7, possibly enhancing virus entry and cell-to-cell spread. Here we sought to determine whether subtype C T/F viruses, which are responsible for the majority of new HIV-1 infections worldwide, share biological properties that increase their transmission fitness, including preferential α4β7 engagement. Using single genome amplification, we generated panels of both T/F (n = 20) and chronic (n = 20) Env constructs as well as full-length T/F (n = 6) and chronic (n = 4) infectious molecular clones (IMCs). We found that T/F and chronic control Envs were indistinguishable in the efficiency with which they used CD4 and CCR5. Both groups of Envs also exhibited the same CD4+ T cell subset tropism and showed similar sensitivity to neutralization by CD4 binding site (CD4bs) antibodies. Finally, saturating concentrations of anti-α4β7 antibodies failed to inhibit infection and replication of T/F as well as chronic control viruses, although the growth of the tissue culture-adapted strain SF162 was modestly impaired. These results indicate that the population bottleneck associated with mucosal HIV-1 acquisition is not due to the selection of T/F viruses that use α4β7, CD4 or CCR5 more efficiently.
- Publication
PLoS pathogens, 2012, Vol 8, Issue 5, pe1002686
- ISSN
1553-7374
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002686