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- Title
Human chronotypes from a theoretical perspective.
- Authors
Granada, Adrián E; Bordyugov, Grigory; Kramer, Achim; Herzel, Hanspeter
- Abstract
The endogenous circadian timing system has evolved to synchronize an organism to periodically recurring environmental conditions. Those external time cues are called Zeitgebers. When entrained by a Zeitgeber, the intrinsic oscillator adopts a fixed phase relation ψ to the Zeitgeber. Here, we systematically study how the phase of entrainment depends on clock and Zeitgeber properties. We combine numerical simulations of amplitude-phase models with predictions from analytically tractable models. In this way we derive relations between the phase of entrainment ψ to the mismatch between the endogenous and Zeitgeber period, the Zeitgeber strength, and the range of entrainment. A core result is the "180° rule" asserting that the phase ψ varies over a range of about 180° within the entrainment range. The 180° rule implies that clocks with a narrow entrainment range ("strong oscillators") exhibit quite flexible entrainment phases. We argue that this high sensitivity of the entrainment phase contributes to the wide range of human chronotypes.
- Publication
PloS one, 2013, Vol 8, Issue 3, pe59464
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0059464