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- Title
Depletion of CD4⁺ T cells abrogates post-peak decline of viremia in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.
- Authors
Ortiz, Alexandra M; Klatt, Nichole R; Li, Bing; Yi, Yanjie; Tabb, Brian; Hao, Xing Pei; Sternberg, Lawrence; Lawson, Benton; Carnathan, Paul M; Cramer, Elizabeth M; Engram, Jessica C; Little, Dawn M; Ryzhova, Elena; Gonzalez-Scarano, Francisco; Paiardini, Mirko; Ansari, Aftab A; Ratcliffe, Sarah; Else, James G; Brenchley, Jason M; Collman, Ronald G; Estes, Jacob D; Derdeyn, Cynthia A; Silvestri, Guido
- Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV/AIDS, and their depletion during chronic HIV infection is a hallmark of disease progression. However, the relative contribution of CD4+ T cells as mediators of antiviral immune responses and targets for virus replication is still unclear. Here, we have generated data in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) that suggest that CD4+ T cells are essential in establishing control of virus replication during acute infection. To directly assess the role of CD4+ T cells during primary SIV infection, we in vivo depleted these cells from RMs prior to infecting the primates with a pathogenic strain of SIV. Compared with undepleted animals, CD4+ lymphocyte-depleted RMs showed a similar peak of viremia, but did not manifest any post-peak decline of virus replication despite CD8+ T cell- and B cell-mediated SIV-specific immune responses comparable to those observed in control animals. Interestingly, depleted animals displayed rapid disease progression, which was associated with increased virus replication in non-T cells as well as the emergence of CD4-independent SIV-envelopes. Our results suggest that the antiviral CD4+ T cell response may play an important role in limiting SIV replication, which has implications for the design of HIV vaccines.
- Publication
The Journal of clinical investigation, 2011, Vol 121, Issue 11, p4433
- ISSN
1558-8238
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1172/JCI46023