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- Title
An international multicenter association study of the serotonin transporter gene in persistent ADHD.
- Authors
Landaas, E T; Johansson, S; Jacobsen, K K; Ribasés, M; Bosch, R; Sánchez-Mora, C; Jacob, C P; Boreatti-Hümmer, A; Kreiker, S; Lesch, K-P; Kiemeney, L A; Kooij, J J S; Kan, C; Buitelaar, J K; Faraone, S V; Halmøy, A; Ramos-Quiroga, J A; Cormand, B; Reif, A; Franke, B; Mick, E; Knappskog, P M; Haavik, J
- Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder affecting children and adults. It has been suggested that gene variants related to serotonin neurotransmission are associated with ADHD. We tested the functional promoter polymorphism 5-HTTLPR and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC6A4 for association with ADHD in 448 adult ADHD patients and 580 controls from Norway. Replication attempts were performed in a sample of 1454 Caucasian adult ADHD patients and 1302 controls from Germany, Spain, the Netherlands and USA, and a meta-analysis was performed also including a previously published adult ADHD study. We found an association between ADHD and rs140700 [odds ratio (OR ) = 0.67; P = 0.01] and the short (S) allele of the 5-HTTLPR (OR = 1.19; P = 0.06) in the Norwegian sample. Analysis of a possible gender effect suggested that the association might be restricted to females (rs140700: OR = 0.45; P = 0.00084). However, the meta-analysis of 1894 cases and 1878 controls could not confirm the association for rs140700 [OR = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67-1.09; P = 0.20]. For 5-HTTLPR, five of six samples showed a slight overrepresentation of the S allele in patients, but meta-analysis refuted a strong effect (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.21; P = 0.06). Neither marker showed any evidence of differential effects for ADHD subtype, gender or symptoms of depression/anxiety. In conclusion, our results do not support a major role for SLC6A4 common variants in persistent ADHD, although a modest effect of the 5-HTTLPR and a role for rare variants cannot be excluded.
- Publication
Genes, brain, and behavior, 2010, Vol 9, Issue 5, p449
- ISSN
1601-183X
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00567.x