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- Title
Vitamin D and its analogues: do they protect against cardiovascular disease in patients with kidney disease?
- Authors
Levin, Adeera; Li, Yan Chun
- Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and despite recent advances in hypertension control, anemia management, and dialysis adequacy, mortality remains high. Improved understanding of nontraditional risk factors, including those present at early phases in CKD, may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. CKD has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population, but data are lacking as to the associated potential abnormalities that occur in association with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which may contribute to this increased risk. Data are accumulating regarding the role of abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency is present even in the early stages of CKD. Vitamin D plays a central role in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, regulation of PTH, and formation and maintenance of bone. However, until recently, vitamin D has not been considered to have a biologic role in CKD beyond mineral regulation, or has been considered as a negative factor contributing to soft tissue and cardiovascular calcification. In light of recent observational studies showing an association of vitamin D therapy and survival benefit in hemodialysis patients, the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular system have become a heavily debated issue.
- Publication
Kidney international, 2005, Vol 68, Issue 5, p1973
- ISSN
0085-2538
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00651.x