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- Title
Income is not enough: incorporating material hardship into models of income associations with parenting and child development.
- Authors
Gershoff, Elizabeth T; Aber, J Lawrence; Raver, C Cybele; Lennon, Mary Clare
- Abstract
Although research has clearly established that low family income has negative impacts on children's cognitive skills and social-emotional competence, less often is a family's experience of material hardship considered. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (N=21,255), this study examined dual components of family income and material hardship along with parent mediators of stress, positive parenting, and investment as predictors of 6-year-old children's cognitive skills and social-emotional competence. Support was found for a model that identified unique parent-mediated paths from income to cognitive skills and from income and material hardship to social-emotional competence. The findings have implications for future study of family income and child development and for identification of promising targets for policy intervention.
- Publication
Child development, 2007, Vol 78, Issue 1, p70
- ISSN
0009-3920
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00986.x