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- Title
Urine nicotine metabolite concentrations in relation to plasma cotinine during low-level nicotine exposure.
- Authors
Benowitz, Neal L; Dains, Katherine M; Dempsey, Delia; Herrera, Brenda; Yu, Lisa; Jacob, Peyton, 3rd
- Abstract
Plasma or saliva cotinine concentrations are used widely as biomarkers of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and have been associated with the risk of SHS-related disease. Concentrations of cotinine and other nicotine metabolites are considerably higher in urine than in plasma or saliva, making chemical analysis easier. In addition, urine is often more convenient to collect in some SHS exposure studies. The optimal use of nicotine metabolites in urine, singly or in combination, with or without correction for urine creatinine concentration, to estimate plasma cotinine concentration with low-level nicotine exposure has not been determined.
- Publication
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2009, Vol 11, Issue 8, p954
- ISSN
1469-994X
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntp092