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- Title
Penetrance of biallelic SMARCAL1 mutations is associated with environmental and genetic disturbances of gene expression.
- Authors
Baradaran-Heravi, Alireza; Cho, Kyoung Sang; Tolhuis, Bas; Sanyal, Mrinmoy; Morozova, Olena; Morimoto, Marie; Elizondo, Leah I; Bridgewater, Darren; Lubieniecka, Joanna; Beirnes, Kimberly; Myung, Clara; Leung, Danny; Fam, Hok Khim; Choi, Kunho; Huang, Yan; Dionis, Kira Y; Zonana, Jonathan; Keller, Kory; Stenzel, Peter; Mayfield, Christy; Lücke, Thomas; Bokenkamp, Arend; Marra, Marco A; van Lohuizen, Maarten; Lewis, David B; Shaw, Chad; Boerkoel, Cornelius F
- Abstract
Biallelic mutations of the DNA annealing helicase SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1) cause Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD, MIM 242900), an incompletely penetrant autosomal recessive disorder. Using human, Drosophila and mouse models, we show that the proteins encoded by SMARCAL1 orthologs localize to transcriptionally active chromatin and modulate gene expression. We also show that, as found in SIOD patients, deficiency of the SMARCAL1 orthologs alone is insufficient to cause disease in fruit flies and mice, although such deficiency causes modest diffuse alterations in gene expression. Rather, disease manifests when SMARCAL1 deficiency interacts with genetic and environmental factors that further alter gene expression. We conclude that the SMARCAL1 annealing helicase buffers fluctuations in gene expression and that alterations in gene expression contribute to the penetrance of SIOD.
- Publication
Human molecular genetics, 2012, Vol 21, Issue 11, p2572
- ISSN
1460-2083
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1093/hmg/dds083