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- Title
Anti-inflammatory mechanism of intravascular neural stem cell transplantation in haemorrhagic stroke.
- Authors
Soon-Tae Lee; Kon Chu; Keun-Hwa Jung; Se-Jeong Kim; Dong-Hyun Kim; Kyung-Mook Kang; Nan Hyung Hong; Jin-Hee Kim; Jae-Joon Ban; Hee-Kwon Park; Seung U. Kim; Chung-Gyu Park; Sang Kun Lee; Manho Kim; Jae-Kyu Roh
- Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been investigated as a means to reconstitute the damaged brain after stroke. In this study, however, we investigated the effect on acute cerebral and peripheral inflammation after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). NSCs (H1 clone) from fetal human brain were injected intravenously (NSCs-iv, 5 million cells) or intracerebrally (NSCs-ic, 1 million cells) at 2 or 24 h after collagenase-induced ICH in a rat model. Only NSCs-iv-2 h resulted in fewer initial neurologic deteriorations and reduced brain oedema formation, inflammatory infiltrations (OX-42, myeloperoxidase) and apoptosis (activated caspase-3, TUNEL) compared to the vehicle-injected control animals. Rat neurosphere-iv-2 h, but not human fibroblast-iv-2 h, also reduced the brain oedema and the initial neurologic deficits. Human NSCs-iv-2 h also attenuated both cerebral and splenic activations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). However, we observed only a few stem cells in brain sections of the NSCs-iv-2 h group; in the main, they were detected in marginal zone of spleens. To investigate whether NSCs interact with spleen to reduce cerebral inflammation, we performed a splenectomy prior to ICH induction, which eliminated the effect of NSCs-iv-2 h transplantation on brain water content and inflammatory infiltrations. NSCs also inhibited in vitro macrophage activations after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in a cell-to-cell contact dependent manner. In summary, early intravenous NSC injection displayed anti-inflammatory functionality that promoted neuroprotection, mainly by interrupting splenic inflammatory responses after ICH.
- Publication
Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2008, Vol 131, Issue 3, p616
- ISSN
0006-8950
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1093/brain/awm306