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- Title
Smoking and Lymphoma Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
- Authors
Alexandra Nieters; Sabine Rohrmann; Nikolaus Becker; Jakob Linseisen; Thomas Ruediger; Kim Overvad; Anne Tjønneland; Anja Olsen; Naomi E. Allen; Ruth C. Travis; Sheila Bingham; Kay-Tee Khaw; Eva Ardanaz; M. L. Redondo; Mikel Basterrechea; Carmen Martinez; María-José Tormo; Stefano Rosso; Giovanna Tagliabue; Giovanna Masala
- Abstract
Lymphomas are one of the few cancers that have been increasing in incidence over the past decades. So far, only a few established risk factors have been identified, including immunosuppression and viral infections. Recent evidence suggests etiologic heterogeneity of different lymphoma subtypes. Smoking may affect risk differently, depending on the lymphoma entity. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition was used to study the role of smoking in the etiology of lymphomas and individual subtypes within a prospective study. Information on baseline and lifetime tobacco smoking by 478,590 participants was collected between 1992 and 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During 3,567,410 person-years of follow-up, 1,371 lymphoma cases (1,304 non-Hodgkins lymphomas and 67 Hodgkins lymphomas) were identified. Relative risk for smokers at recruitment was more than twofold higher for Hodgkins lymphoma (hazard ratio = 2.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.18, 3.87) but was not elevated for non-Hodgkins lymphoma (hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.19) and individual B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma subtypes. In this prospective study, smoking appeared to increase Hodgkins lymphoma risk consistently in both genders, whereas B-cell non–Hodgkins lymphoma risk was not associated. Future analysis should involve viral biomarkers and genetic susceptibility markers to elucidate potential mechanisms of smoking-induced carcinogenesis, particularly for Hodgkins lymphoma.
- Publication
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008, Vol 167, Issue 9, p1081
- ISSN
0002-9262
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1093/aje/kwn004