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- Title
Gonococcal Lipooligosaccharide Suppresses HIV Infection in Human Primary Macrophages through Induction of Innate Immunity.
- Authors
Xinyan Liu; Mosoian, Arevik; Li-Yun Chang, Theresa; Zerhouni-Layachi, Bouchra; Snyder, Alexandra; Jarvis, Gary A.; Klotman, Mary E.
- Abstract
Gonorrhea often occurs as a coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a component of the gonococcal outer membrane that induces innate immunity through engagement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We investigated the effects that LOS from 5 different strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have on HIV infection and on HIV provirus in primary human macrophages. LOS-treated human primary macrophages developed resistance to new HIV infection as well as to HIV provirus. Gonococcal LOS from the 5 strains and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli showed no significant difference in their anti-HIV activities. Suppression of HIV provirus resulted from the induction of interferon (IFN)-β and subsequent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Neutralization of IFN-β, but not IFN-α, via antibody significantly reduced the anti-HIV activity induced by LOS and LPS. We conclude that LOS expressed by various strains of N. gonorrhoeae induce specific innate immune responses through TLR4 signaling, resulting in anti-HIV activity in human primary macrophages in vitro.
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2006, Vol 194, Issue 6, p751
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1086/506360