Two phytotoxic azaphilone derivatives from Chaetomium globosum , a fungal endophyte isolated from Amaranthus viridis leaves.

Piyasena, K.G. Nelum P.; Wickramarachchi, W.A.R.T.; Kumar, N. Savitri; Jayasinghe, Lalith; Fujimoto, Yoshinori

A fungal endophyte isolated from the leaves of the allelopathic plantAmaranthus viridisof the family Amaranthaceae was identified asChaetomium globosumthrough molecular means using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA gene. This is the first report of the isolation ofC. globosumfrom Amaranthaceae. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extract of the fungal fermentation in potato dextrose broth yielded two known chlorine-containing azaphilone derivatives, chaetomugilin D (1) and chaetomugilin J (2). Compounds1and2were found to show phytotoxic activity in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seed germination bioassay. The IC50values of1and2for root growth inhibition were 24.2 and 22.6 ppm, respectively, while IC50values for shoot growth inhibition were 27.8 and 21.9 ppm, respectively. Phytotoxic activities of the chaetomugilin group of compounds have been reported for the first time, although their antifungal, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities are known.

CHAETOMIUM globosum; ENDOPHYTIC fungi; AMARANTHS; CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; POTATOES; PLANT breeding; LETTUCE

Mycology: An International Journal on Fungal Biology, 2015, Vol 6, Issue 3/4, p158

2150-1203

Academic Journal

10.1080/21501203.2015.1089332