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- Title
Developments in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence: past, present and future.
- Authors
Foulds, Jonathan; Steinberg, Michael B; Williams, Jill M; Ziedonis, Douglas M
- Abstract
In the mid-1970s there were no effective pharmacological treatments for tobacco dependence. The invention of nicotine gum was a major treatment advance and also greatly helped our understanding of the nature of tobacco dependence. There are now eight effective pharmacotherapies (nicotine gum, patch, nasal spray, inhaler, lozenge/tablet, bupropion, nortriptyline and clonidine) available to aid smoking cessation. Other non-nicotine agents that show promise are under investigation, including glucose, rimonabant, selegiline and varenicline. Greater knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the effective non-nicotine agents should lead to better understanding of the nature of tobacco dependence. Future research into optimal treatments should examine long-term combination pharmacotherapy combined with improved psychosocial support that is partly designed to enhance medication compliance. In addition, there is a need for studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapies in populations such as youth, pregnant smokers and smokers with co-occurring mental health problems.
- Publication
Drug and alcohol review, 2006, Vol 25, Issue 1, p59
- ISSN
0959-5236
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1080/09595230500459529