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- Title
HMGB1 is an endogenous immune adjuvant released by necrotic cells.
- Authors
Patrizia Rovere-Querini; Annalisa Capobianco; Paola Scaffidi; Barbara Valentinis; Federica Catalanotti; MartaGiazzon; IngridE.Dumitriu; SusanneMuller; Matteo Iannacone; CatiaTraversari; Marco E. Bianchi; Angelo A. Manfredi
- Abstract
Immune responses against pathogens require that microbial components promote the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Autoimmune diseases and graft rejections occur in the absence of pathogens; in these conditions, endogenous molecules, the so-called ‘innate adjuvants’, activate APCs. Necrotic cells contain and release innate adjuvants; necrotic cells also release high-mobility group B1 protein (HMGB1), an abundant and conserved constituent of vertebrate nuclei. Here, we show that necrotic HMGB1-/- cells have a reduced ability to activate APCs, and HMGB1 blockade reduces the activation induced by necrotic wild-type cell supernatants. In vivo, HMGB1 enhances the primary antibody responses to soluble antigens and transforms poorly immunogenic apoptotic lymphoma cells into efficient vaccines.
- Publication
EMBO Reports, 2004, Vol 5, Issue 8, p825
- ISSN
1469-221X
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1038/sj.embor.7400205