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- Title
Two-photon tissue imaging: seeing the immune system in a fresh light.
- Authors
Cahalan, Michael D; Parker, Ian; Wei, Sindy H; Miller, Mark J
- Abstract
Many lymphocyte functions, such as antigen recognition, take place deep in densely populated lymphoid organs. Because direct in vivo observation was not possible, the dynamics of immune-cell interactions have been inferred or extrapolated from in vitro studies. Two-photon fluorescence excitation uses extremely brief (<1 picosecond) and intense pulses of light to 'see' directly into living tissues, to a greater depth and with less phototoxicity than conventional imaging methods. Two-photon microscopy, in combination with newly developed indicator molecules, promises to extend single-cell approaches to the in vivo setting and to reveal in detail the cellular collaborations that underlie the immune response.
- Publication
Nature reviews. Immunology, 2002, Vol 2, Issue 11, p872
- ISSN
1474-1733
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1038/nri935