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- Title
IL-4 instructs T<sub>H</sub>1 responses and resistance to Leishmania major in susceptible BALB/c mice.
- Authors
Biedermann, Tilo; Zimmermann, Stephan; Himmelrich, Hayo; Gumy, Alain; Egeter, Oliver; Sakrauski, Arne K.; Seegmüller, Irene; Voigt, Heike; Launois, Pascal; Levine, Alan D.; Wagner, Hermann; Heeg, Klaus; Louis, Jacques A.; Röcken, Martin
- Abstract
Immunity to infection with intracellular pathogens is regulated by interleukin 12 (IL-12), which mediates protective T helper type 1 (TH1) responses, or IL-4, which induces TH2 cells and susceptibility. Paradoxically, we show here that when present during the initial activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by infectious agents, IL-4 instructed DCs to produce IL-12 and promote TH1 development. This TH1 response established resistance to Leishmania major in susceptible BALB/c mice. When present later, during the period of T cell priming, IL-4 induced TH2 differentiation and progressive leishmaniasis in resistant mice. Because immune responses developed via the consecutive activation of DCs and then T cells, the contrasting effects of IL-4 on DC development and T cell differentiation led to immune responses that had opposing functional phenotypes.
- Publication
Nature Immunology, 2001, Vol 2, Issue 11, p1054
- ISSN
1529-2908
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1038/ni725