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- Title
A galinstan expansion femtosyringe for microinjection of eukaryotic organelles and prokaryotes.
- Authors
Knoblauch, M; Hibberd, J M; Gray, J C; van Bel, A J
- Abstract
A galinstan expansion femtosyringe enables femtoliter to attoliter samples to be introduced into prokaryotes and subcellular compartments of eukaryotes. The method uses heat-induced expansion of galinstan (a liquid metal alloy of gallium, indium, and tin) within a glass syringe to expel samples through a tip diameter of about 0.1 microm. The narrow tip inflicts less damage than conventional capillaries, and the heat-induced expansion of the galinstan allows fine control over the rate of injection. We demonstrate injection of Lucifer Yellow and Lucifer Yellow-dextran conjugates into cyanobacteria, and into nuclei and chloroplasts of higher organisms. Injection of a plasmid containing the bla gene into the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum resulted in transformed ampicillin-resistant cultures. Green fluorescent protein was expressed in attached leaves of tobacco and Vicia faba following injection of DNA containing its gene into individual chloroplasts.
- Publication
Nature biotechnology, 1999, Vol 17, Issue 9, p906
- ISSN
1087-0156
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1038/12902