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- Title
Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: how the rich are different from the poor.
- Authors
Kraus, Michael W; Piff, Paul K; Mendoza-Denton, Rodolfo; Rheinschmidt, Michelle L; Keltner, Dacher
- Abstract
Social class is shaped by an individual's material resources as well as perceptions of rank vis-à-vis others in society, and in this article, we examine how class influences behavior. Diminished resources and lower rank create contexts that constrain social outcomes for lower-class individuals and enhance contextualist tendencies--that is, a focus on external, uncontrollable social forces and other individuals who influence one's life outcomes. In contrast, abundant resources and elevated rank create contexts that enhance the personal freedoms of upper-class individuals and give rise to solipsistic social cognitive tendencies--that is, an individualistic focus on one's own internal states, goals, motivations, and emotions. Guided by this framework, we detail 9 hypotheses and relevant empirical evidence concerning how class-based contextualist and solipsistic tendencies shape the self, perceptions of the social environment, and relationships to other individuals. Novel predictions and implications for research in other socio-political contexts are considered.
- Publication
Psychological review, 2012, Vol 119, Issue 3, p546
- ISSN
1939-1471
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1037/a0028756