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- Title
Egocentrism over e-mail: can we communicate as well as we think?
- Authors
Kruger, Justin; Epley, Nicholas; Parker, Jason; Ng, Zhi-Wen
- Abstract
Without the benefit of paralinguistic cues such as gesture, emphasis, and intonation, it can be difficult to convey emotion and tone over electronic mail (e-mail). Five experiments suggest that this limitation is often underappreciated, such that people tend to believe that they can communicate over e-mail more effectively than they actually can. Studies 4 and 5 further suggest that this overconfidence is born of egocentrism, the inherent difficulty of detaching oneself from one's own perspective when evaluating the perspective of someone else. Because e-mail communicators "hear" a statement differently depending on whether they intend to be, say, sarcastic or funny, it can be difficult to appreciate that their electronic audience may not.
- Publication
Journal of personality and social psychology, 2005, Vol 89, Issue 6, p925
- ISSN
0022-3514
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.925