Stereotyping and its threat are real.

Steele, Claude M.

Replies to comments by A. L. Whaley (see record [rid]1998-02607-012[/rid]) regarding C. M. Steele's (see record [rid]1997-04591-001[/rid]) discussion of stereotype threat theory and domain identification as extra pressures that affect the test performance and academic identities of African Americans and women in math. Steele describes and responds to Whaley's 3 major critiques: first, that the concept of stereotype threat does not include the possibility of being threatened by real discrimination; second, that tests of stereotype threat theory with African American students do not take into account the possibility that these student may perform less well on standardized testes because they do not trust these tests or are less culturally motivated to perform; and third, that stereotype threat-disidentification theory may not generalize to the experience of lower-class, urban African American students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Academic Achievement; Psychosocial Factors; Social Perception; Stereotyped Attitudes; Human Females; Self-Perception; Black People; Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Female

American Psychologist, 1998, Vol 53, Issue 6, p680

0003-066X

Journal

10.1037/0003-066X.53.6.680