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- Title
Computer-based design of novel HIV-1 entry inhibitors: neomycin conjugated to arginine peptides at two specific sites.
- Authors
Alexander Berchanski; Aviva Lapidot
- Abstract
Abstract Aminoglycoside–arginine conjugates (AAC and APAC) are multi-target inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Here, we predict new conjugates of neomycin with two arginine peptide chains binding at specific sites on neomycin [poly-arginine-neomycin-poly-arginine (PA-Neo-PA)]. The rationale for the design of such compounds is to separate two short arginine peptides with neomycin, which may extend the binding region of the CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). We used homology models of CXCR4 and unliganded envelope glycoprotein 120 (HIV-1IIIB gp120) and docked PA-Neo-PAs and APACs to these using a multistep docking procedure. The results indicate that PA-Neo-PAs spread over two negatively charged patches of CXCR4. PA-Neo-PA–CXCR4 complexes are energetically more favorable than AACs/APAC–CXCR4 complexes. Notably, our CXCR4 model and docking procedure can be applied to predict new compounds that are either inhibitors of gp120–CXCR4 binding without affecting stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) chemotaxis activity, or inhibitors of SDF-1α–CXCR4 binding resulting in an anti-metastasis effect. We also predict that PA-Neo-PAs and APACs can interfere with CD4–gp120 binding in unliganded conformation. Figure The r5-Neo-r5-CXCR4 complex. CXCR4 is shown in CPK representation. The negatively charged residues are shown in red and positively charged residues in blue. The r5-Neo-r5 is shown in stick representation, neomycin core is colored yellow and arginine moieties are colored magenta. Two negatively charged patches separated by neutral and positively charged residues are visible.
- Publication
Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2009, Vol 15, Issue 3, p281
- ISSN
1610-2940
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.1007/s00894-008-0401-1