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- Title
Muscle-derived interleukin-6: lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects.
- Authors
Pedersen, Bente Klarlund; Steensberg, Adam; Keller, Pernille; Keller, Charlotte; Fischer, Christian; Hiscock, Natalie; van Hall, Gerrit; Plomgaard, Peter; Febbraio, Mark A
- Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced locally in working skeletal muscle and can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6. The transcription rate for IL-6 in muscle nuclei isolated from muscle biopsies during exercise is very high and is enhanced further when muscle glycogen content is low. Furthermore, cultured human primary muscle cells can increase IL-6 mRNA when incubated with the calcium ionophore ionomycin and it is likely that myocytes produce IL-6 in response to muscle contraction. The biological roles of muscle-derived IL-6 have been investigated in studies in which human recombinant IL-6 was infused in healthy volunteers to mimic closely the IL-6 concentrations observed during prolonged exercise. Using stable isotopes, we have demonstrated that physiological concentrations of IL-6 induce lipolysis. Although we have yet to determine the precise biological action of muscle-derived IL-6, our data support the hypothesis that the role of IL-6 released from contracting muscle during exercise is to act in a hormone-like manner to mobilize extracellular substrates and/or augment substrate delivery during exercise. In addition, IL-6 inhibits low-level TNF-alpha production, and IL-6 produced during exercise probably inhibits TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Hence, IL-6 produced by skeletal muscle during contraction may play an important role in the beneficial health effects of exercise
- Publication
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2003, Vol 446, Issue 1, p9
- ISSN
0031-6768
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00424-002-0981-z