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- Title
2-Deoxy-D-glucose activates autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum stress rather than ATP depletion.
- Authors
Xi, Haibin; Kurtoglu, Metin; Liu, Huaping; Wangpaichitr, Medhi; You, Min; Liu, Xiongfei; Savaraj, Niramol; Lampidis, Theodore J
- Abstract
The glucose analog and glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), which is currently under clinical evaluation for targeting cancer cells, not only blocks glycolysis thereby reducing cellular ATP, but also interferes with N-linked glycosylation, which leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and an unfolded protein response (UPR). Both bioenergetic challenge and ER stress have been shown to activate autophagy, a bulk cellular degradation process that plays either a pro- or anti-death role. Here, we investigate which pathway 2-DG interferes with that activates autophagy and the role of this process in modulating 2-DG-induced toxicity.
- Publication
Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2011, Vol 67, Issue 4, p899
- ISSN
1432-0843
- Publication type
Journal Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00280-010-1391-0