Objective To investigate the surgical operation, characteristics and prognosis of puerile cephalhematoma with periosteum bone formation. Methods By collecting and analyzing the clinical data of 62 cases of puerile cephalhematoma with periosteum bone formation in children admitted by the Neurosurgery Department of our hospital from January 2014 to March 2017 in Xi'an Children's Hospital, we summarized the characteristics and prognosis. Results Of the 62 confirmed cases of puerile cephalhematoma with periosteum bone formation, 54 (87%) had birth trauma, and 8 (13%) had traumatic brain injuries. In 54 cases puerilecephalhematoma was located at the parietal region. All the chidren received surgical treatment of periosteum bone formation resection and skull reconstruction. There were no complications after surgery. Conclusion Early intervention and positive operation should be made in the treatment of puerile cephalhematoma with periosteum bone formation. The surgical treatment is effective with good prognosis.