Objective To explore the process of interactions among sense of alienation, psychological resilience and quality of life of elderly empty nesters so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating measures to improve the quality of life of this group of people. Methods Totally 205 elderly empty nesters in three communities of Xi'an City were selected by stratified random sampling method to investigate their general and psychosocial information through Generalized Social Alienation Scale, Resilience Scale, and Quality Life Scale. SPSS19.0 was used for correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis. Results (1) There were negative correlations between the elderly empty nesters' sense of alienation and psychological resilience (r=-0.395, P< 0.001), and between sense of alienation and quality of life (r= -0.161, P <0.001). However, there was a positive correlation between psychological resilience and quality of life (r=0.145, P<0.01). (2) Resilience played a partial mediator role in the process of these empty nesters' sense of alienation influencing the quality of life. The mediating effect took up 44.70% of the total effect. Conclusion The sense of alienation of elderly empty nesters can directly affect the quality of life, and may also affect the quality of life by acting on their psychological resilience.