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- Title
Botanicals, biofumigants and antagonists application in managing stem rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn in carnation.
- Authors
Chandel, Sunita; Sharma, Sushma
- Abstract
The pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a polyphagous fungus and has a vast potential of attacking a wide range of host plants causing host decay, damping-off, stem rot, crown rot, stem canker, root rot, fruit decay and foliage diseases. The stem rot is an emerging devastating disease in carnation rating next in importance to Fusarium wilt with a seedling mortality of 37% under optimum climatic conditions. Because of high incidence and crop importance, the present study was carried out to manage the disease with application of different plant extracts (botanicals), biofumigant releasing crop residues and biocontrol agents both under in vitro and field conditions. Out of 11 botanicals including two commercial formulations of neem (neemgold, neemazil) tested at 5,10,20,30,40% and 1,2,3,4,5% concentrations respectively revealed that seed extracts of Melia azedarach and leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica showed maximum inhibition in mycelial growth within the range of 44.38 to 44.25% followed by Murraya koenigii (37.77%) and Tagetes erecta (37.62%).The commercial formulations of neem compared to other treatments were found statistically superior to inhibits mycelial growth. In general, higher concentration resulted in more inhibition of the R. solani, above 50 % inhibition was recorded at concentration of 40 per cent, maximum being in neemgold (60.53%) compared to 5% or 10%. Among different crop residues, cauliflower and cabbage were found most effective in reducing the incidence of carnation stem rot to 22.28 and 24.25% from 48.34% registered in control. The plant and flower characters such as plant height, stem length, no. of flowers/plant, flower size/plant and no. of days to first flowering get reduced to 142 compared to 157 days. The average colony forming unit of the pathogen reduced to 22.83x103 from 58.12x103 in one cropping season. Antagonists, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Bacillus subtilis resulted into mycelial inhibition of 65.08, 63.70 and 55.05%. However in field the highest disease control of stem rot was achieved in integrated treatments when the rooted cuttings of carnation were pretreated with neemgold or neemazil for 20 minutes as dip treatment and planted in soil amended with T. viride and T. harzianum by giving disease control between 63-73%.
- Subjects
RHIZOCTONIA solani; FUMIGANTS; FUSARIUM
- Publication
Journal of Biopesticides, 2014, Vol 7, Issue 1, p3
- ISSN
0974-391X
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.57182/jbiopestic.7.1.3-10