In this article, we pursue two objectives: (1) to describe the instruments of public action put in place to attract, recruit, and retain teachers in Burkina Faso's rural areas; and (2) to document the implementation of these policy instruments. Our research draws on Honig's (2006) model for analyzing contemporary education policy implementation. Data gathering consisted of document review and individual interviews with different actors involved in the implementation of the policy instruments studied, as well as with teachers in schools located in rural areas. The regionalization of recruitment and posting stands out as the policy instrument that has a real positive impact on the attraction and recruitment of teachers in rural areas. Nevertheless, the main challenge for the country remains the medium and long-term retention of teachers in rural areas in the most remote regions.