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Title

Predominance of β-proteobacteria in summer melt pools on Arctic pack ice.

Authors

Brinkmeyer, Robin; Glöckner, Frank-Oliver; Helmke, Elisabeth; Amann, Rudolf

Abstract

The diversity and community structure of bacteria in melt pools on Arctic pack ice floes were dominated by β-proteobacteria. Thirty-five percent of the pure cultures isolated in 1997 from pack ice floes north of Svalbard and in the Fram Strait were from the β-proteobacteria group. Within this group, there were only two phylotypes clustering within the widespread Beta I cluster, also known as the Comamonadaceae clade. One phylotype, most closely related to Aquaspirillum arcticum (96.0-97.3% identical), was frequent among cultures isolated from l0 melt pools. A 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene clone library, constructed from a melt pool that was sampled 2 yr later in the Fram Strait, was also dominated by β-proteobacteria, in particular the same recurrent isolate phylotype designated "MP-BetaI". Fluorescence in situ hybridization of 20 melt pools corroborated the cultivation and cloning data. β-Proteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial group, constituting ∼49% of the bacteria that were stained by 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). α and γ-proteobacteria accounted for only 2% each, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group accounted for 9%, and the Actinobacteria spp. accounted for 9%. Approximately 63% of the β-proteobacterial fraction that was found in the melt pools was determined with a newly developed probe to be the recurrent β-proteobacterial MP-BetaI phylotypes, indicating that it is particularly adapted for success in this extreme environment.

Subjects

ARCTIC Ocean; BACTERIA; MELT ponds; CULTURES (Biology); OCEANOGRAPHY

Publication

Limnology & Oceanography, 2004, Vol 49, Issue 4, p1013

ISSN

0024-3590

Publication type

Academic Journal

DOI

10.4319/lo.2004.49.4.1013

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