Hypoxia Increases β-Cell Death by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells within the Islet.

Jong Jin Kim; Lee, Esder; Gyeong Ryul Ryu; Seung-Hyun Ko; Yu-Bae Ahn; Ki-Ho Song

Background: Hypoxia can occur in pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated during hypoxia. Here we aimed to investigate whether PSCs within the islet are also activated in hypoxia, causing β-cell injury. Methods: Islet and primary PSCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats, and cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as measured by immunostaining and Western blotting, was used as a marker of PSC activation. Conditioned media (hypoxia-CM) were obtained from PSCs cultured in hypoxia. Results: Islets and PSCs cultured in hypoxia exhibited higher expressions of α-SMA than did those cultured in normoxia. Hypoxia increased the production of reactive oxygen species. The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated the hypoxia-induced PSC activation in islets and PSCs. Islets cultured in hypoxia-CM showed a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. Conclusion: PSCs within the islet are activated in hypoxia through oxidative stress and promote islet cell death, suggesting that hypoxia-induced PSC activation may contribute to β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ISLANDS of Langerhans; TYPE 2 diabetes; HYPOXEMIA; SPRAGUE Dawley rats; REACTIVE oxygen species

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 2020, Vol 44, Issue 6, p919

2233-6079

Academic Journal

10.4093/dmj.2019.0181