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- Title
Vitamin D and intrauterine growth restriction: a cross-sectional study.
- Authors
Arnan, Fadhilah; Chalid, Maisuri T.; Farid, Monika Fitria; Lukas, Efendi; Wewengkang, Ellen
- Abstract
Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining bone health, regulating calcium homeostasis, and modulating immune responses. During pregnancy, it supports fetal bone mineralization and proper placental function. Deficiency in vitamin D can impair calcium absorption, disrupt placental function, and lead to adverse outcomes like intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Despite abundant sunlight, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in countries like Indonesia. This study evaluates the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and IUGR risk while considering additional factors like placental function and calcium metabolism. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients, 30 with IUGR and 30 without, were included. Vitamin D levels were measured using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and statistical analysis compared the IUGR and non-IUGR groups. Baseline data [age, body mass index (BMI), placental inflammation, preeclampsia status] were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, using IBM SPSS 24 (IL, USA). A significant association between maternal factors and IUGR was found. Higher BMI (=25 kg/m²) and placental inflammation were more prevalent in the IUGR group. Vitamin D deficiency was strongly linked to IUGR, with 90% of IUGR cases showing deficient levels. The IUGR group had significantly lower vitamin D levels (13.84 ng/mL versus 25.93 ng/mL), with a strong inverse correlation (r=-0.86, p=0.00). This study shows a strong link between maternal vitamin D deficiency and increased IUGR risk, emphasizing its role in placental function and fetal development.
- Subjects
FETAL growth retardation; VITAMIN D deficiency; BONE health; VITAMIN D; FETAL development
- Publication
Italian Journal of Medicine, 2024, Vol 18, Issue 4, p60
- ISSN
1877-9344
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.4081/itjm.2024.1833