Prevalence of optical coherence tomography (OCT) detected diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Rahud, Jainendra; Bangal, Surekha; Walunjkar, Pratik P.

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of decreased visual acuity in diabetic patients. Diabetic Macular edema is detected clinically only after its characteristic features which could damage the visual status of the patients. OCT (Optical coherence tomography) offers a non-invasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the macula which can be helpful in early detection of Diabetic Macular Edema. Methods: Hospital-based observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out from October 2016 to October 2018 in the Ophthalmology Department of Pravara Rural Hospital, a rural-based tertiary-level hospital. A total number of 130 cases with DRs fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The age and gender of the patient, duration of DM, medication for DM, stage of DR, and visual acuity were recorded and assessed for DME with the help of OCT. Results: Out of 130 DR cases, the maximum number of cases was in the age group of 60- 70 years (50.77%). The prevalence of OCT-proven DME in cases with DR in the present study was 29.23%. 95.38% of cases had NPDR changes and 4.62% PDR changes. A higher (76.93%) number of DR cases were involved having a duration of DM up to 5 years. DR cases having a duration of DM up to 5 years had a prevalence of DME (57.90%). Early PDR changes had a maximum prevalence of DME (100%), followed by Severe (87.5%) and Very Severe NPDR (81.81%) respectively. The percentage of DR cases on Insulin was higher (66.66%) than cases not on Insulin (13.19%) showing a preponderance of cases on Insulin. Central macular thickness showed a signifiicant increase in thickness with the progression of DR. Conclusion: From the observations and results of the present study it is evident that the prevalence of OCT-proven DME is 29.23% in cases with DR. Prevalence of DME in PDR cases is more than with NPDR cases. Our study shows a higher percentage of DME with a duration of up to 5 years of DR.

OPTICAL coherence tomography; MACULAR edema; DIABETIC retinopathy; RURAL hospitals; VISUAL acuity

Pravara Medical Review, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 4, p10

0975-0533

Academic Journal

10.36848/PMR/2024/00000.10105