Cognitive impairment (CI) after stroke is a frequent phenomenon. In some patients, CI can persist for a long time after overcoming stroke, which is referred to in the English literature as PCSI -- post stroke cognitive impairment. It is a special nosological entity that needs to be diagnosed already during hospitalization, but a definitive diagnosis can only be made subsequently by a control examination of cognitive functions six months after stroke. The following article provides an up-to-date overview of the diagnosis, prediction and therapy of PSCI as a special nosological unit.