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Title

Recent Advances in the Determination of Milk Adulterants and Contaminants by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Authors

Ceniti, Carlotta; Spina, Anna Antonella; Piras, Cristian; Oppedisano, Francesca; Tilocca, Bruno; Roncada, Paola; Britti, Domenico; Morittu, Valeria Maria

Abstract

The presence of chemical contaminants, toxins, or veterinary drugs in milk, as well as the adulteration of milk from different species, has driven the development of new tools to ensure safety and quality. Several analytical procedures have been proposed for the rapid screening of hazardous substances or the selective confirmation of the authenticity of milk. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared have been two of the most relevant technologies conventionally employed in the dairy industry. These fingerprint methodologies can be very powerful in determining the trait of raw material without knowing the identity of each constituent, and several aspects suggest their potential as a screening method to detect adulteration. This paper reviews the latest advances in applying mid-infrared spectroscopy for the detection and quantification of adulterants, milk dilution, the presence of pathogenic bacteria, veterinary drugs, and hazardous substances in milk.

Subjects

MID-infrared spectroscopy; INFRARED spectroscopy; POLLUTANTS; HAZARDOUS substances; VETERINARY drugs; NEAR infrared spectroscopy; GOAT milk

Publication

Foods, 2023, Vol 12, Issue 15, p2917

ISSN

2304-8158

Publication type

Academic Journal

DOI

10.3390/foods12152917