This research aims to investigate the relationship between high school students' self-esteem and their attitudes toward physical education and sports. While the research universe is composed of the students of the Eastern Black Sea Region Science high school in the 2021-2022 academic year, the sample consists of 383 volunteer students who study in these schools determined by simple random sampling method. The "Demographic Data Form", the "Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory" and the "Physical Education Course Attitude Scale for Secondary School Students" were used in the collection of research data. The data analyses were evaluated using licensed SPSS 26.0 package program. In addition to descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Pearson Correlation analyzes were performed in the analyzes. In the research findings, it was determined that the students' self-esteem scores showed significant differences in terms of age, class, income level and licensed sports activities (p<0.05), while their attitude scores towards physical education and sports lessons differed significantly in terms of gender and licensed sports status (p<0.05). In addition, it has been observed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and attitude scores towards physical education and sports (PES) lessons. As a result, it was concluded that according to the demographic characteristics of science high school students, there are positive significant relationships in their levels of self-esteem and attitudes towards PES lessons, and that the concept of self-esteem is an important predictor for developing positive attitudes towards physical education and sports lessons.