Colossoma macropomum(Cuvier, 1816) is the largest characin of South America. This species and its congeners mainly feed on zooplankton, insects, snails and decaying plants. In this paper, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome ofC. macropomum. The total length is 16,703 bp, and it typically consist of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 22 tRNA, a light-strand replication origin (OL) and a large control region (D-loop). The overall base composition is 29.9%, 24.6%, 29.5% and 15.9% for A, T, C and G, respectively, with a slight bias on AT content (54.6%). All protein-coding genes share the start codon ATG, except forCOI, which begins with GTG. Most of them have TAA or TAG as the stop codon, exceptCOII, ND4use AGA andCOI, Cytbuse an incomplete stop codon T. This information could provide useful molecular data and contribute to further phylogenetic studies of Characiformes and Serrasalmidae.