Taking the Pissoir - a novel and reliable way of knowing what drugs are being used in nightclubs.

Archer, J. R. H; Dargan, P. I.; Hudson, S.; Davies, S.; Puchnarewicz, M.; Kicman, A. T.; Ramsey, J.; Measham, F.; Wood, M.; Johnston, A.; Wood, D. M.

Background: The epidemiology on recreational drug use is based on self-reported user surveys. The scope of this is limited as users are often not aware of exactly what drug(s) they are using. Waste water (sewage plant) analysis has been used to identify 'regional' recreational drug use but is limited by a lack of understanding of the metabolism and stability of novel recreational drugs. Aims: The feasibility of collecting pooled urine samples from a sub-population attending a night-club using a portal urinal to confirm the classical and novel recreational drugs being used. Design and Methods: Urine samples were collected from a nightclub over one weekend for analysis by various chromatographic techniques involving mass spectrometry. Results: Classical recreational drugs and novel psychoactive substance, including mephedrone, 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine and 2-aminoindane were found. Parent drug/metabolites were also detected for amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine, MDMA, mephedrone and 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine. Conclusion: Anonymous pooled urine samples from within a nightclub can be used to confirm the actual drugs being used by some individuals within this sub-population. Metabolite detection indicates drugs were being used and not simply discarded into the urinal. This methodology could be used to monitor recreational drug trend in other environments, e.g. schools, geographical regions/areas and compare drug use over time.

SEWAGE analysis; DRUGS of abuse; MASS spectrometry; URINALYSIS; DESCRIPTIVE statistics

Journal of Substance Use, 2014, Vol 19, Issue 1/2, p103

1465-9891

Academic Journal

10.3109/14659891.2012.740139