In 2013, Uruguay became the first country in having a comprehensive legal framework for cannabis authorizing its domestic cultivation, social clubs and purchase in pharmacies. This article discusses the role of moral foundations for understanding the debate. Between August 2013 and June 2015, 50 interviews were conducted, secondary documents and transcripts of the parliamentary discussion were analyzed. Two complementary and conflicting streams are identified regarding why to regulate cannabis and how to do it, one focused on care and freedom and one focused on authority and justice as central principles.